” CalWORKs California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency ANNUAL SUMMARY JANUARY 2017 CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES WELFARE TO WORK DIVISION California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency i THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Preface January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency ii Preface This report is being produced pursuant to a Supplemental Report of the 2014-15 Budget Package, which reads: The Department of Social Services shall collaborate with legislative staff, the Legislative Analyst’s Office (LAO), and key stakeholders on the creation of an annual report on California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs), covering children living in poverty and deep poverty in the program, caseload dynamics, demographics of families, and impacts and implementation of recent policy changes, and other components to be decided in the course of those discussions. The report will also address the use and outcomes of research funds. Progress shall be provided in the form of a verbal update by January 15, 2015, with the first iteration of the report to be presented by April 1, 2015, at which date there shall be consideration regarding the annual date ongoing. The first version of the CalWORKs Annual Summary was published May 2015 and is available at http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/cdssweb\/entres\/pdf\/CalWORKsAnnualSummary2015.pdf The second version was published in January 2016 and is available at: http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/cdssweb\/entres\/pdf\/CW_AnnualSummary2016.pdf Senate Bill (SB) 1041 (Chapter 47, Statutes of 2012, Section 22), added the following provision into law: \uf0b7 Welfare and Institutions Code 11334.6(a) The California Department of Social Services shall provide to the budget committees of the Legislature, no later than February 1, 2013, and, notwithstanding Section 10231.5 of the Government Code, on February 1 annually thereafter, a report that includes all of the following information: 1) The number of counties implementing a Cal-Learn Program. 2) The number of recipients being served in each county with intensive case management services. 3) Outcomes for recipients, including graduation rates and repeat pregnancies. The CalWORKs Annual Summary fulfills that reporting requirement. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/cdssweb\/entres\/pdf\/CalWORKsAnnualSummary2015.pdf http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/cdssweb\/entres\/pdf\/CW_AnnualSummary2016.pdf California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Preface January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency iii A Note about Data from the Research and Development Enterprise Project (RADEP) This report contains data from RADEP, a data tool used to report California’s federal work participation rates for the federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The RADEP data is collected from a random sample of approximately 3,000 active CalWORKs cases over each federal fiscal year. Note on Data Sources The CalWORKS Annual Summary provides data from numerous sources on several types of cases. Data does not always match precisely due to differences between data sources. Data from the Research and Development Enterprise Project (RADEP), a random sample of CalWORKS cases collected throughout a federal fiscal year and primarily used to fulfill federal data reporting requirements, is statistically accurate for that purpose but is subject to the usual limitations of sample data. Different portions of the CalWORKs Annual Summary report caseload in terms of individuals, work-eligible individuals, or families\/cases. Note to reader: Some tables and charts in the summary reflect the overall CalWORKs caseload while others may reflect specific types of cases, e.g. only cases with earnings or only cases that receive federal TANF or MOE funding. Please refer to any table headings, narrative or footnotes to identify the total population identified in each table and chart. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Table of Contents January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency iv Table of Contents Preface ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii A Note about Data from the Research and Development Enterprise Project (RADEP) ………. iii Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… iv List of Tables and Figures …………………………………………………………………………………………. vii 2017 CalWORKs Annual Summary – Executive Summary ……………………………………………… x Highlights: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. x Chapter Summaries: ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. x Introduction and Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………… xiv California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) …………………………….. xiv Purpose and Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………………… xiv Summary of Key Features of CalWORKs …………………………………………………………………… xiv Eligibility …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. xv Time Limits and Time Clocks …………………………………………………………………………………….. xv Work Requirements ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. xv Federal Participation Mandate ………………………………………………………………………………….. xvi Supportive Services ………………………………………………………………………………………………… xvi Parental Responsibility …………………………………………………………………………………………….. xvi Benefit Levels …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. xvii Program Administration ……………………………………………………………………………………………. xvii Legal Authority ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. xvii Key Features of CalWORKs ……………………………………………………………………………………… xvii Chapter 1 Caseload Dynamics ………………………………………………………………………………….. 1 Key Terms in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1 Tables and Figures in This Chapter ……………………………………………………………………………… 3 Characteristics of CalWORKs Cases ……………………………………………………………………………. 8 CalWORKS Applications, Approvals and Denials: FY 2015-16 ……………………………………… 12 Chapter 2 Benefits, Earning Levels, and Employment ………………………………………………. 21 Key Terms in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 Tables and Figures in This Chapter ……………………………………………………………………………. 23 MAP Levels …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Table of Contents January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency v CalWORKs Caseload and Grants with CalFresh Benefits ……………………………………………… 25 CalWORKs Recipient Earned Income Limits ……………………………………………………………….. 26 Earnings Distribution for Work-Eligible Adult Cases with Earnings ………………………………….. 27 Chapter 3 Fiscal Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………. 31 Funding Sources ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31 Expenditures …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31 Key Terms in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………………………… 31 Tables and Figures in This Chapter ……………………………………………………………………………. 32 Fiscal Overview of the CalWORKs Program ………………………………………………………………… 33 Chapter 4 Program Chronology ………………………………………………………………………………. 37 Key Terms in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………………………… 37 A Brief History of What Led to the Present Version of CalWORKs ………………………………….. 39 Chapter 5 Welfare-to-Work (WTW) Participation ……………………………………………………….. 51 Key Terms in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………………………… 52 Tables and Figures in This Chapter ……………………………………………………………………………. 54 CalWORKs WTW Activities and Hourly Requirements Table 5A. Description …………………… 55 During adults’ 48 Months on Aid ………………………………………………………………………………… 55 Quarterly Analysis of the Welfare-To-Work Population ………………………………………………….. 57 Education and Training …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 62 Participation in Work or Work-Related Activities to Comply with the TANF Work Participation Rate Policy ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 67 Work Participation Rate Compliance …………………………………………………………………………… 69 Status of Corrective Compliance Plans ……………………………………………………………………….. 70 Chapter 6 Recent Program Changes and Outcomes ………………………………………………… 73 Tables and Figures in This Chapter ……………………………………………………………………………. 73 Welfare-to-Work 24-Month Time Clock and Post-24-Month Time Clock …………………………… 74 Family Stabilization (FS) Program ………………………………………………………………………………. 78 Expanded Subsidized Employment (ESE) …………………………………………………………………… 80 ESE Program Highlights ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 81 Post-Aid Earnings …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 82 Work Incentive Nutritional Supplement (WINS) ……………………………………………………………. 84 Online CalWORKs Appraisal Tool (OCAT) ………………………………………………………………….. 85 The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) ………………………………………………… 88 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Table of Contents January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency vi Cal-Learn Program …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 89 Chapter 7 Supportive Services ………………………………………………………………………………… 91 Key Terms in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………………………… 91 Tables and Figures in This Chapter ……………………………………………………………………………. 91 Child Care Resources for CalWORKs Participants ……………………………………………………….. 97 Characteristics of Stage One Child Care Cases …………………………………………………………… 98 Chapter 8 Poverty Measures and Poverty Rates …………………………………………………….. 107 Key Terms in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………………………. 107 Tables and Figures in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………….. 108 California’s Poverty Rate and National Ranking …………………………………………………………. 109 Measuring Poverty with the OPM and SPM ……………………………………………………………….. 109 CalWORKs Benefit and Resource Model 2016 …………………………………………………………… 114 Chapter 9 Research Funds and Program Oversight………………………………………………… 119 Tables and Figures in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………….. 119 TANF Research Funds ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 120 TANF Research Funds: Details of Research Projects …………………………………………………. 121 Program Oversight …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 126 Chapter 10 Homeless Assistance and Housing Support …………………………………………. 127 Key Terms in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………………………. 127 Tables and Figures in This Chapter ………………………………………………………………………….. 127 CalWORKs Homeless Assistance Program ……………………………………………………………….. 128 CalWORKs Housing Support Program (HSP) …………………………………………………………….. 129 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms and Acronyms ………………………………………………………… 131 Appendix B: List of Data Sources Used ……………………………………………………………………. 139 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary List of Tables and Figures January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency vii List of Tables and Figures Chapter 1 Caseload Dynamics ………………………………………………………………………………….. 1 Figure 1A. FFY 2016 Total CalWORKs Cases Breakdown1: …………………………………………… 4 Table 1A. Characteristics of TANF\/MOE Funded CalWORKs Cases: FFY 2015 ………………… 5 Table 1B. Characteristics of TANF\/MOE Funded CalWORKs Cases: FFY 2015 (continued) .. 7 Table 1C. Time on Aid Characteristics of CalWORKs Cases ………………………………………….. 8 Figure 1B. CalWORKs Quarterly Caseload Analysis FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 ……….. 9 Table 1D. CalWORKs Quarterly Caseload Analysis: FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 ……. 10 Table 1E. CalWORKs Annual Application Approvals by County: FY 2015-16 ………………….. 13 Table 1F. CalWORKs Annual Application Denials by County: FY 2015-16 ……………………… 15 Table 1G. CalWORKs Annual Application Denials by Reasons by County: FY 2015-16 …….. 17 Chapter 2 Benefits, Earning Levels, and Employment ………………………………………………. 21 Table 2A. CalWORKs Maximum Aid Payment (MAP) Levels Effective October 1, 2016 ……. 24 Table 2B. CalWORKs Caseload and Grants with CalFresh Benefits Recent History and Projections (FY 2007-08 through FY 2016-17) …………………………………………………………….. 25 Table 2C. CalWORKs Recipient Earned Income Limits: FY 2016-17 ……………………………… 26 Table 2D. Earnings Distribution for Work-Eligible Adult Cases with Earnings for FY 2015-16 27 Figure 2A. Quarterly Earnings for CalWORKs Adult Recipients: 2003-2016 …………………….. 28 Figure 2B. Proportion of Adult Recipients with Earnings: 2003-2016 ………………………………. 29 Figure 2C. Number of CalWORKs Individuals in Employment: FFYs 2008-2015 ………………. 30 Chapter 3 Fiscal Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………. 31 Figure 3A. CalWORKs Funds for FY 2016-17 ……………………………………………………………… 33 Table 3A. CalWORKs Funding by Program Area & Fund Sources: FY 2016-17 ……………….. 34 Table 3B. Funding Reconciliation for CalWORKs: FY 2016-17 ………………………………………. 35 Chapter 5 Welfare-to-Work (WTW) Participation ……………………………………………………….. 51 Table 5A. CalWORKs WTW Activities and Hourly Requirements ……………………………………. 56 Figure 5A. Quarterly Analysis of the Welfare-to-Work Population FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 58 Table 5B. Quarterly Analysis of the Welfare-to-Work Population FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59 Table 5C. CalWORKs Welfare-to-Work Education Activities …………………………………………. 61 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary List of Tables and Figures January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency viii Table 5D. Number of Community College Degrees, Certificates, and Awards CalWORKs Recipients Received: 2009-2016 ……………………………………………………………………………….. 62 Table 5E. Average Monthly Percent of Exemptions Granted to WTW Adults: FFYs 2007-2015 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63 Table 5F. Welfare-to-Work (WTW) 24-Month Time Clock Exemptions\/Good Cause ………….. 65 Table 5G. Participation in Work or Work-Related Activities (TANF cases only): FFYs 2008- 2015 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 68 Table 5H. Summary of WPR Assessed Penalties and Compliance Status……………………….. 69 Table 5I. California’s TANF Work Participation Rate (WPR) History: FFYs 1997-2016 ………. 71 Chapter 6 Recent Program Changes and Outcomes ………………………………………………… 73 Figure 6A. WTW 24-Month Time Clock Update (SB 1041): FY 2016-17 ………………………….. 76 Table 6A. CalWORKs Family Stabilization Status Report: FY 2015-16 ……………………………. 79 Figure 6B. Subsidized Employment Caseload: 2013-2016 …………………………………………….. 80 Table 6B. Welfare-To-Work Annual Earnings by County: One Year After Exit, FFY 2014 ….. 82 Table 6C. WINS Issuances: FFYs 2015-2016 ……………………………………………………………… 84 Table 6D. OCAT Appraisals by Month: FY 2015-16 ……………………………………………………… 85 Table 6E. OCAT Tool Structure and Recommendations………………………………………………… 86 Table 6F. Cal-Learn Average Monthly Participation and Outcomes: FY 2012-13 through FY 2015-16 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 89 Chapter 7 Supportive Services ………………………………………………………………………………… 91 Table 7A. Average Number of Individuals Receiving Supportive Services July September 2015 All (Other) Families …………………………………………………………………………………………… 93 Table 7B. Average Number of Individuals Receiving Supportive Services July September 2015 Two-Parent Families ………………………………………………………………………………………… 95 Table 7C. Age, Provider Setting, and Time in Care for Stage One Children: FY 2015-16 …. 98 Table 7D. CalWORKs Stage One Child Care: FY 2006-07 through FY 2014-15 ………………. 99 Figure 7A. Children in CalWORKs Stages One, Two, and Three Child Care Programs: 2006- 2015 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 101 Table 7E. Behavioral Health Services Referrals and Participation July September 2015 All (Other) Families ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 103 Table 7F. Behavioral Health Services Referrals and Participation July September 2015 Two-Parent Families ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105 Chapter 8 Poverty Measures and Poverty Rates …………………………………………………….. 107 Table 8A. Official Poverty Rate and California’s Ranking: 2011-2015 ……………………………. 109 Table 8B. Comparison of the Official and Supplemental Poverty Measures ……………………. 110 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary List of Tables and Figures January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency ix Table 8C. Comparison of the OPM and SPM in California and the U.S.: 2010-2012 to 2013-15 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 111 Figure 8A. Children in TANF as a Percentage of Children in Poverty: California and the U.S., 2002 – 2015 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 112 Table 8D. Child Poverty Rates and Share of Poor Children in TANF, California and the U.S.: 2002 to 2015 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 113 Table 8E. Monthly Benefit Values for a CalWORKs Family of Three in Region One: One Aided Adult and Two Aided Children …………………………………………………………………………. 116 Figure 8B. Monthly Resources Available to a Family of Three (One Adult and Two Children) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 117 Figure 8C. CalWORKs Benefit and Resource Model 2016: Cases with No Earnings and with Median Earnings ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 118 Chapter 9 Research Funds and Program Oversight………………………………………………… 119 Table 9A. Allocation of TANF Research Funds Research Project Names and Budgets by Year, FY 2009-10 through FY 2018-19 ……………………………………………………………………… 120 Chapter 10 Homeless Assistance and Housing Support …………………………………………. 127 Table 10A. Application Approvals and Shelter Expenditures: FY 2015-16 ……………………… 128 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Executive Summary January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency x 2017 CalWORKs Annual Summary – Executive Summary The Supplemental Report of the 2014-15 Budget Package included a requirement for an annual report on the CalWORKs program to cover various relevant components of the program, including caseload dynamics, demographics of families and children living in poverty and deep poverty, the welfare-to-work program and impacts of recent policy changes. The first of these reports, The CalWORKs Annual Summary, was presented in July 2015, and a second edition was presented in January of 2016. This is the third iteration of the report, which will be presented each year to coincide with the budget calendar. The Annual Summary consists of ten chapters that highlight the components of the CalWORKS program required in the supplemental report language as well as other topics decided through an inclusive stakeholder process. Highlights: \uf0b7 The CalWORKs caseload continues to decline. \uf0b7 Program reforms implemented in 2013 and 2014 are in various stages of development and expansion. \uf0b7 A revised benefit and resource model infographic incorporates the Supplemental Poverty Measure, along with the National School Lunch Program, the California Earned Income Tax Credit and the utility assistance programs (Chapter 8). \uf0b7 This third CalWORKS Annual Summary includes a new chapter detailing Homeless Assistance and an update for the Housing Support Program. Chapter Summaries: Chapter One – Caseload Dynamics provides a comprehensive overview of the CalWORKs caseload. The chapter begins with the Characteristics of TANF\/MOE funded CalWORKs cases, a new look at the CalWORKS caseload that reflects the move-out of the Safety-Net, Fleeing Felon, and Long-Term Sanction population from the TANF\/MOE funding stream. This characteristics analysis presents the important attributes of this TANF\/MOE funded CalWORKs cases population, including average AU (Assistance Unit) size (2.6 individuals, adults and children, in all TANF\/MOE funded cases), benefit amounts (monthly benefit of $512 for the average AU), number of children (average of 2 children per case), percentage with monthly earnings (21%), average and median time on aid, and many others. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Executive Summary January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency xi Chapter One concludes with a longitudinal depiction of the quarterly CalWORKs caseload from FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16, as well as data reporting CalWORKs annual applications and denials (by county) in FY 2015-16. Chapter Two – Benefit and Earning Levels provides information about income levels required for benefit eligibility and corresponding benefit levels. This chapter presents data describing the average monthly CalWORKs caseload and grant, a historical look at the Maximum Aid Payment (MAP) and maximum CalFresh allotment, figures displaying changes in the mean and median average earned income for CalWORKS adult recipients over time, and others. Chapter Three – Fiscal Overview provides a brief financial picture of the CalWORKs program including funding sources and major expenditure categories. California receives the majority of funds for CalWORKs from an annual federal TANF block grant of $3.7 billion, and the state contributes an additional $2.9 billion in Maintenance-of-Effort (MOE) funding. Chapter Three includes a figure displaying the distribution of funds across various program components which shows that approximately 90 percent of CalWORKs expenditures go to grants, services, child care, and mental health and substance abuse assistance programs. Chapter Four Program Chronology provides a brief history of CalWORKs and its predecessor programs, beginning with the 1935 federal Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program and the programs that led up to the creation of CalWORKs in 1998 to today. Changes highlighted in the 2017 Annual Summary include an increase in the Maximum Aid Payment (MAP), repeal of the Maximum Family Grant (MFG), and a provision to assist grieving parents or caretakers in the event of the loss of a child. Chapter Five Welfare-to-Work Participation provides details of California’s Welfare-to-Work program and population. The chapter includes a description of the differences between CalWORKs and TANF participation requirements and a quarterly analysis of the Welfare-to- Work caseload from 2006 through 2015. The chapter continues with California’s work participation rate (WPR) trends through Federal Fiscal Year 2015, and concludes with an account of California’s WPR compliance. The State has been in WPR noncompliance for several years and has been preliminarily assessed federal penalties each year since 2007. Seven Corrective Compliance Plans have been submitted to the Federal Administration for Children and Families to reduce or eliminate those penalties. Chapter Five details these compliance efforts. Chapter Six – Recent Program Changes and Outcomes describes the most significant recent changes in the CalWORKs program and provides updates on the impact of many of these recent program changes. The 2017 Annual Summary updates information about the 24-Month Time Clock, the Family Stabilization (FS), and Expanded Subsidized Employment (ESE) programs, the Online CalWORKS Appraisal Tool (OCAT), the Cal-Learn program and the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA). Chapter Seven – Supportive Services provides details about the support CalWORKs families receive in addition to their cash aid, including food benefits via the CalFresh program and Medi- California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Executive Summary January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency xii Cal coverage, and how these benefits are altered as families’ earnings increase. Additionally, this chapter presents information about the Child Care resources available to CalWORKS recipients, and the number and type of other supportive services provided to participants in the welfare-to-work program. Chapter Eight – Poverty Measures and Poverty Rates One of the main goals of CalWORKs is to reduce child poverty. Chapter Eight describes how poverty is defined and measured, using both the Official Poverty Measure (OPM) and the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) concepts that are essential to understanding CalWORKs’ design and impact. The chapter details California’s poverty level using both measures (California’s OPM in 2015 was approximately 14 percent and the state’s SPM was approximately 21 percent). \uf0b7 The chapter compares the much greater share of California children in poverty served by CalWORKS compared to similar TANF programs across the nation (in 2015 CalWORKs served 56 percent of the state’s children in poverty, compared to approximately 16 percent for the nation); and \uf0b7 A revised benefit and resource model infographic details the benefits available to a typical CalWORKs family at various income levels and incorporates the SPM. Chapter 9 Research Funds and Program Oversight discusses the general purpose of CalWORKs program oversight: to review, monitor, and supervise the implementation of public policy, and the resources available for these purposes. This chapter describes the ways in which oversight occurs in the CalWORKs program, including how research funds are used to strengthen and evaluate program performance. Chapter highlights include a table detailing the historical allocation of TANF research funds and a description of previous and ongoing research projects, including the multi-year SB 1041 Program Evaluation and various collaborative research projects with the University of California at Davis. Chapter 10 Homeless Assistance and Housing Support provides an overview of the housing support available in the CalWORKs Homeless Assistance and CalWORKs Housing Support Programs. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Executive Summary January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency xiii THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Introduction and Overview January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency xiv Introduction and Overview California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) This annual summary was developed as an information tool to provide an overview of the CalWORKs program. Purpose and Objectives The CalWORKs program is California’s version of the federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. CalWORKs provides temporary cash assistance to meet basic family needs. It also provides education, employment, and training programs to assist the family’s move toward self-sufficiency. Components of CalWORKs include time limits on eligibility, work requirements, supportive services to encourage program participation, and parental responsibility. California is among the minority of states that provide TANF benefits to children in need even after their adult caregiver reaches the 48-month time limit for receipt of cash aid; as well, California continues to provide aid to children when adults fail to meet program requirements. Summary of Key Features of CalWORKs \uf0b7 Cash Grants for Families; \uf0b7 48 Months of Cash Assistance and welfare-to- work (WTW) Services; \uf0b7 24 Months of Flexible Work Activities; \uf0b7 Participation Requirements; \uf0b7 Safety Net for Children; \uf0b7 Subsidized Employment Opportunities; \uf0b7 County Flexibility to Design WTW Program; \uf0b7 Holistic Appraisal of Basic Needs and Barriers; \uf0b7 Time Limits; \uf0b7 Immediate Needs Intervention; \uf0b7 Cash Bonuses for Teen Academic Success; \uf0b7 Earnings Disregard; \uf0b7 Child Care\/Supportive Services; \uf0b7 Substance Abuse, Mental Health and Domestic Violence Services; \uf0b7 Homelessness Assistance; \uf0b7 Exemptions from Time Clock and Participation; and \uf0b7 Federal Work Participation Mandates and Penalties. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Introduction and Overview January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency xv Eligibility Families must meet income and asset tests and children must be deprived of parental support and care due to the incapacity, death, or absence of a parent, or unemployment of the principal wage earner. Time Limits and Time Clocks State law provides for a cumulative 48-month lifetime limit on cash aid for adults. Children of adults who exhaust the 48-month time limit may continue to receive cash aid, if otherwise eligible, up to age 18. There are effectively three categories of time clock associated with the CalWORKs program: \uf0b7 The TANF 60-month time limit refers to the cumulative lifetime 60-month federal cash aid time limit for adult recipients of aid; \uf0b7 The CalWORKs 48-month time limit refers to the cumulative lifetime 48-month cash aid time limitation for adult CalWORKs recipients; and \uf0b7 The Welfare-to-Work 24-Month Time Clock refers to a cumulative 24-month period in a welfare-to-work participant’s lifetime, during which he or she may participate in any activity, so long as participation is consistent with his or her assessment and addresses the need for barrier removal activities, education, or career goals of the participant. Work Requirements CalWORKs provides a wide array of services and supports for families to enter and remain in the workforce. Parents and caretaker adults, unless exempt from work requirements, are required to participate in Welfare to Work (WTW) activities as a condition of receiving aid. WTW activities include unsubsidized and subsidized employment, work experience, on-the-job training, grant-based on-the-job training, work study, self-employment, community service, adult basic education, job skills training, vocational education, job search\/job readiness assistance, mental health counseling, substance abuse treatment, domestic abuse services, and other activities necessary to assist recipients in obtaining employment. An adult in a one-parent assistance unit (AU) is required to participate in WTW activities for an average of 30 hours per week each month or 20 hours per week each month if he or she has a child under the age of 6. In a two-parent AU, one or both adults must participate in WTW activities for a combined total of an average of 35 hours per week. Adults may receive a total of 24 months of flexible CalWORKs services and activities to address any barriers to employment. These 24 months need not be consecutive and can be used at any California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Introduction and Overview January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency xvi time during the adult’s 48 months of eligibility. Once the 24 months have been exhausted, adults must meet the federal work participation rate (WPR) requirements, unless they are exempted or receive an extension. CalWORKs has a universal engagement requirement to ensure recipients are participating in appropriate WTW activities as soon as possible. Counties are required to develop WTW plans with a recipient within 90 days from the date an individual begins receiving cash aid. Federal Participation Mandate State work participation requirements are designed to assist in meeting federal work participation rates in order for California to avoid fiscal penalties. Federal work participation rate requirements are as follows: \uf0b7 50 percent of all families with work-eligible adults (both one- and two-parent) must be working or in a countable work activity for 20 or 30 hours per week, depending on family configuration; and \uf0b7 90 percent of families with two work-eligible adults must be working or in a work activity for a combined total of 35 hours each week. The federal government can assess penalties on the state for not achieving work participation rates. In California, counties that do not achieve the federal participation rates will share in any such fiscal penalties unless a statutory exception applies. Supportive Services Supportive services, including child care, transportation, ancillary expenses, and personal counseling, are available for families participating in WTW activities. If needed supportive services are not available, the recipient has good cause for not participating. Special supportive services and intensive case management services are also available for pregnant and parenting teens. These services are provided through the Cal-Learn Program, which is designed to encourage pregnant and parenting teens to return to and\/or stay in school. Cal-Learn teens can get bonuses or be sanctioned four times a year depending on the teen’s grades. An additional bonus is given to each teen upon earning a high school diploma or equivalent. Participation in Cal-Learn is mandatory for pregnant or parenting teens ages 18 and under and voluntary for specified 19 year olds. Parental Responsibility CalWORKs encourages parental responsibility by requiring parents to immunize their aided children under the age of six and cooperate with the child-support enforcement process. Failure California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Introduction and Overview January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency xvii to meet these requirements results in a reduction of the adult’s portion of the grant. If a child age 16 or older does not attend school and is deemed a chronic truant, this may result in a reduction of the child’s portion of the grant unless certain conditions apply. Benefit Levels Grant levels and amounts vary according to family size, exempt status, and geographic location. Families in high cost-of-living areas (Region 1) receive slightly more money than families in other areas (Region 2 [see page 24]). A family in which all adults are disabled or otherwise exempt from work requirements is eligible for the higher exempt grant amount. A non-exempt family of three with no other income living in Region 1 currently receives a monthly grant of $714 while the same family living in Region 2 receives $680. If that family were exempt, it would receive $799 in Region 1 and $762 in Region 2. Program Administration The CalWORKs Program is administered by county welfare departments under supervision of CDSS. Although eligibility requirements and grant levels are uniform throughout the state, counties are given considerable latitude to design WTW programs that will work best for their diverse populations, size, and culture. Each county must have a CalWORKs county plan describing specific program outcomes and how those outcomes are to be achieved. Legal Authority AB 1542 (Ducheny, Chapter 270, Statutes of 1997), the Welfare to Work Act of 1997, established the CalWORKs Program in California. AB 1542 eliminated the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program and the Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN) program and replaced them with the CalWORKs program. Key Features of CalWORKs CalWORKs seeks to address poverty through an array of services designed to assist families in various states of need and to address the various facets of need for each family. CalWORKs provides families with basic means of living through services such as cash assistance, immediate needs intervention, homeless prevention services, and stabilization services for those in crisis. A work focused approach is fostered through the welfare-to-work aspect of the program, which requires adults, unless exempt, to participate in appropriate WTW activities as a condition of receiving aid. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Introduction and Overview January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency xviii In addition to being a work program for adults, CalWORKs endeavors to protect children from deep poverty through continued aid to children when adults fail to meet program requirements or reach the maximum 48-month time limit for cash aid. CalWORKs is also built upon the core concept of flexibility given to 58 individual counties to design their individual programs, in order to serve their unique and diverse local populations. At the same time, CalWORKs balances its core values of flexibility and protecting children with the goal of meeting federal performance mandates to avoid federal fiscal penalties. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Introduction and Overview January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency xix THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 1 Chapter 1 Caseload Dynamics This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the CalWORKs caseload, including the number of cases receiving CalWORKs assistance delineated by case type: the percentage of cases with individuals who are exempt from welfare-to-work participation requirements; cases in sanction, child-only, and safety-net status; a longitudinal analysis of CalWORKs cases over time; tables illustrating the number of applications for aid and the number of those approved and denied; and the benefits provided to CalWORKs recipients. CalWORKs cases with an unaided but federally work-eligible adult (specifically, safety-net cases and cases in which the parent is a fleeing felon) are funded from state general fund (GF) that does not count toward the TANF Maintenance-of-Effort (MOE) starting from Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2014; as a result, these cases are no longer included in the federally defined TANF program for federal reporting purposes. Or rather, safety-net and fleeing felon cases have been moved out of the TANF program. In 2015, the Work Incentive Nutritional Supplement (WINS) program became fully operational. WINS cases are provided with a ten dollar monthly cash nutritional benefit funded from state General Fund that counts toward the MOE requirement and, therefore, are counted in the federal TANF caseload that is, WINS cases have been moved in to the TANF caseload. The WINS caseload is not reflected in the CalWORKS caseload tables provided in this chapter, but WINS issuances are displayed in Table 6C. Key Terms in This Chapter The CalWORKs caseload is characterized using the following key terms. \uf0b7 Assistance Unit (AU) An AU is a group of related persons living in the same home who have been determined to be eligible for CalWORKs and for whom cash aid has been authorized. An AU is sometimes referred to as a CalWORKs case. An AU or case differs from a household in that a household includes all persons in the same dwelling regardless of their relationship to members of the AU, or their eligibility for CalWORKs aid. \uf0b7 Definitions of Assistance Units (AU) Types: o Single-Parent or 1-Parent Includes one or more children, and one aided adult who is a natural or adoptive parent, a stepparent, or another caretaker relative. o Two-Parent or 2-Parent Includes at least one child and two natural or adoptive aided adult parents. o WTW Participants Includes Single-Parent and Two-Parent households with an aided adult who is NOT exempt from work activities and NOT sanctioned. o WTW Exempts Includes Single-Parent and Two-Parent households where the aided adult(s) are exempt from work activities. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 2 o WTW Sanction Adults were removed from aid due to non-compliance with program requirements without good cause or compliance efforts have failed. Aid continues for the eligible children in the AU. o Child-Only or Zero-Parent Cases in which only the children in the case are aided because the parents are ineligible due to immigration status or being an SSI recipient or a non-parental, non-needy caretaker is caring for the children. o Safety-Net Cases in which only the children in an AU are aided because the parent(s) are discontinued for cash aid due to their reaching the 48-month lifetime assistance limit. Safety-net cases are funded with non-MOE state-only funds and not subject to federal TANF reporting rules. o TANF-Timed Out Cases in which the head of household or spouse of the head of household (parent, stepparent, or caretaker relative) has reached federal TANF assistance time limit of 60 months, but still has time left on CalWORKs assistance. o Fleeing Felon Cases in which only children in an AU are aided because parent(s) are fleeing to avoid prosecution. \uf0b7 Long-Term Sanction Cases with a parent or caretaker who has been sanctioned due to failing or refusing to comply with welfare-to-work program requirements, without good cause, for 12 consecutive months or longer. \uf0b7 Non-MOE Moved Out All cases that are funded with non-MOE General Fund dollars (Safety Net, Fleeing Felon, and Long-Term Sanctioned) and, as such, are moved out of the Work Participation Rate calculation. \uf0b7 Time on Aid Time on aid for WTW Cases is calculated by the aided adult on aid longest (as an adult) since the beginning of the look-back period. Time on aid for CalWORKs Non-MOE cases (Safety Net, Fleeing Felon and Long-Term Sanction) as well as the Child-Only cases is determined by the child member on aid longest since the beginning of the look-back period. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 3 Tables and Figures in This Chapter Figure 1A. FFY 2016 Total CalWORKs Cases Breakdown1: …………………………………………… 4 Table 1A. Characteristics of TANF\/MOE Funded CalWORKs Cases: FFY 2015 ………………… 5 Table 1B. Characteristics of TANF\/MOE Funded CalWORKs Cases: FFY 2015 (continued) .. 7 Table 1C. Time on Aid Characteristics of CalWORKs Cases ………………………………………….. 8 Figure 1B. CalWORKs Quarterly Caseload Analysis FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 ……….. 9 Table 1D. CalWORKs Quarterly Caseload Analysis: FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 ……. 10 Table 1E. CalWORKs Annual Application Approvals by County: FY 2015-16 ………………….. 13 Table 1F. CalWORKs Annual Application Denials by County: FY 2015-16 ……………………… 15 Table 1G. CalWORKs Annual Application Denials by Reasons by County: FY 2015-16 …….. 17 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 4 Figure 1A. FFY 2016 Total CalWORKs Cases Breakdown1: This chart provides a representation of the CalWORKs caseload based on status of the adult(s) in the case. Cases with adults subject to WTW program rules are represented in Exempt, Sanctioned, and Participant categories. Cases without an aided adult, and not subject to WTW, comprise the Child Only category. Cases in the Non-MOE Moved Out are funded with state- only General Fund (outside the federal funding structure) and include cases where the adult(s) reached the maximum allowable 48 months of CalWORKs assistance or who have been in WTW sanction for 12 months or longer. Definitions: Child-Only cases reflect cases without an aided adult (excluding Safety Net, Fleeing Felon and Sanctioned cases). Non-MOE Moved Out cases reflect the Safety Net, Fleeing Felon and Long-Term Sanctioned CalWORKs cases. Note: 1Includes all TANF\/MOE Cases (from Table 1A) as well as Non-MOE funded cases. Data Sources: MEDS Quarter 3 2016 and WDTIP October 2016 WTW PARTICIPANTS 34% WTW EXEMPT 13%WTW SANCTION 6% CHILD ONLY 29% NON-MOE MOVED OUT 18% California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 5 Table 1A. Characteristics of TANF\/MOE Funded CalWORKs Cases: FFY 2015 The Safety Net, Fleeing Felon and Long-Term Sanctioned CalWORKs cases are now funded by Non-MOE GF and detailed characteristics information are no longer collected for these cases in the RADEP system. The Long-Term Sanctioned cases were shifted to Non-MOE GF in March 2015 and are partially reflected in the data below. Child-Only cases reflect cases without an aided adult (excluding Safety Net, Fleeing Felon and Sanctioned cases). Types of Cases Characteristic WTW Participants WTW Exempt WTW Sanction Child- Only All TANF\/ MOE % of Cases 41.1 15.3 7.8 35.8 100.0 Average AU Size 2.9 3.1 2.2 2.1 2.6 Average Benefit $538 $574 $450 $469 $512 Average # of Children in AU 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 Average Age of Oldest Child 7.3 6.3 9.2 11.1 8.7 Average Age of Youngest Child 4.8 3.2 5.5 7.5 5.6 % with Children Under 1 Year 9.3 35.6 7.7 5.8 12.8 % with Children Under 6 Years 65.6 75.4 58.1 40.4 57.7 Average Age of Head of Household 30.3 30.7 31.9 40.2 34.1 E a rn in g s % with Monthly Earnings 34.5 20.3 11.4 10.0 20.9 Average Monthly Earnings of Cases w\/ Earnings $1,032 $1,024 $712 $980 $1,005 G e n d e r\/ R a c e \/E th n ic it y % Female 88.5 90.3 90.0 92.0 90.2 % Hispanic 49.4 45.2 53.8 75.9 58.5 % White (Non- Hispanic) 22.8 31.5 20.3 11.9 20.3 % Black (Non- Hispanic) 21.0 17.4 18.3 9.7 16.0 % Asian (Non- Hispanic) 4.4 3.3 4.8 1.6 3.2 % Other 2.4 2.6 2.8 1.0 2.0 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 6 Table 1A. Characteristics of TANF\/MOE Funded CalWORKs Cases: FFY 2015 (continued) Types of Cases Characteristic WTW Participants WTW Exempt WTW Sanction Child- Only All TANF\/ MOE L a n g u a g e s S p o k e n % English 88.7 88.1 87.7 38.3 70.5 % Spanish 8.0 6.4 11.6 60.2 26.8 % Other 3.3 5.5 0.7 1.5 2.8 E d u c a ti o n % of Head of Household Completed High School or Equivalent 58.7 51.6 40.7 11.9 38.9 % Unknown 0.8 0.9 13.7 53.7 21.0 C it iz e n s h ip S ta tu s o f H e a d o f H o u s e h o ld % Citizen 89.8 90.0 85.3 32.2 68.8 % Other\/Unknown 0.6 0.7 7.2 65.0 24.3 % Legal Non- Citizen 9.6 9.3 7.5 2.8 6.9 Data Source: RADEP FFY 2015 and WDTIP Notes: AU represents assistance unit. Sanctioned cases have no aided adult because the work-eligible adult is not complying with welfare-to-work program requirements and has been removed from the grant calculation (the family is aided with a child-only grant). Safety Net cases have no aided adult because all work-eligible parents in the AU have exceeded their 48-month time limit of support and the family is receiving a child-only grant. Child-Only cases have no eligible adult due to immigration status, receipt of Supplemental Security Income (SSI), or income exceeding the CalWORKs threshold (in the case of non-needy caretakers of foster children). Percentages do not add to 100 percent due to missing\/unknown values. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 7 Table 1B. Characteristics of TANF\/MOE Funded CalWORKs Cases: FFY 2015 (continued) This table provides an alternate breakout of some characteristics of the WTW categories in the previous Characteristics table ( Participants , Exempt and Sanction ). Characteristics Aided Adult (1-Parent) Aided Adult (2-Parent) % of WTW Cases 81.1 18.9 Average Benefit $518 $602 Average AU Size 2.6 3.7 E a rn in g s % with Monthly Earnings 24.2 40.6 Average Monthly Earnings of Cases w\/ Earnings $963 $1,173 Data Source: RADEP FFY 2015 and WDTIP California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 8 Characteristics of CalWORKs Cases Time on Aid is the total number of months a case has received assistance during the look-back period. It is a different calculation than the CalWORKs 48 Month Clock, as a case may receive assistance in a month that does not count toward their 48-Month Clock due to a qualifying exemption. Time on aid for WTW Cases is calculated by the aided adult on aid longest (as an adult) since the beginning of the look-back period. Time on aid for CalWORKs Non-MOE cases (Safety Net, Fleeing Felon and Long-Term Sanction) as well as the Child-Only cases is determined by the child member on aid longest since the beginning of the look-back period. Average Months on Aid is most useful for mathematical calculations (i.e., for developing budget estimates). Median Months on Aid is most useful for describing a typical case, as most of the caseload would be found near this center point. Table 1C. Time on Aid Characteristics of CalWORKs Cases Data Source: MEDS September 2016 WTW (Participants) WTW (Exempt) WTW (Sanction) Child Only Non-MOE Moved Out All Cases M o n th s o n A id S in c e 1 9 9 8 Average 28.7 43.4 11.3 79.4 84.5 64.7 Median 22 34 10 74 81 56 M o n th s o n A id i n L a s t 8 Y e a rs Average 25.0 37.5 11.2 61.7 64.2 51.1 Median 19 31 10 67 69 50 M o n th s o n A id i n L a s t 6 Y e a rs Average 25.0 33.9 11.1 49.9 52.4 42.7 Median 19 30 10 58 58 45 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 9 Figure 1B. CalWORKs Quarterly Caseload Analysis FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 The chart below illustrates changes in caseload categories over the last decade. In 2009, Assembly Bill X4 4 exempted parents or caretakers providing primary care to a child age 12 months through 23 months, or two or more children under the age of 6, from participating in welfare-to-work activities. As a result, the number of exempt individuals increased from 2009 through 2013. Senate Bill 1041 ended the young child exemptions as of January 1, 2013. Data Source: CA 237 CW, EBT issuance system Note: EBT issuance system data is the source for Los Angeles County caseload from October 2015 to June 2016 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 Total CW Cases Single- Parent Zero- Parent Families Safety Net Two- Parent TANF Timed- Out Cases http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG281.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 10 Table 1D. CalWORKs Quarterly Caseload Analysis: FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 Types of Cases Fiscal Year Total CalWORKs Cases Single-Parent Two-Parent TANF Timed- Out Cases Zero-Parent Families Safety Net F Y 0 7 -0 8 Quarter 1 456,561 187,057 32,701 28,144 163,378 45,282 Quarter 2 461,639 189,974 33,422 28,359 164,342 45,541 Quarter 3 469,307 190,434 34,929 28,150 169,467 46,327 Quarter 4 476,296 193,897 36,278 27,837 171,072 47,212 Monthly Avg. 465,951 190,341 34,332 28,123 167,065 46,091 F Y 0 8 -0 9 Quarter 1 481,078 199,691 37,348 27,803 169,096 47,139 Quarter 2 494,146 205,708 39,464 28,097 173,033 47,844 Quarter 3 514,523 211,433 42,974 27,821 183,457 48,838 Quarter 4 530,230 217,276 45,735 27,936 189,105 50,178 Monthly Avg. 504,994 208,527 41,380 27,914 178,673 48,500 F Y 0 9 -1 0 Quarter 1 537,063 222,600 48,163 30,421 187,768 48,110 Quarter 2 550,639 227,689 50,816 30,626 191,929 49,579 Quarter 3 561,243 230,280 52,548 30,823 198,748 48,844 Quarter 4 564,443 231,583 53,411 31,673 198,862 48,913 Monthly Avg. 553,347 228,038 51,234 30,886 194,327 48,861 F Y 1 0 -1 1 Quarter 1 573,710 241,413 56,028 32,701 194,050 49,519 Quarter 2 582,262 245,470 56,587 33,939 196,014 50,252 Quarter 3 593,424 247,487 58,060 34,727 202,393 50,758 Quarter 4 597,226 249,014 58,443 36,138 202,551 51,079 Monthly Avg. 586,856 245,846 57,280 34,376 198,752 50,402 F Y 1 1 -1 2 Quarter 1 583,769 238,622 55,226 25,879 193,472 70,570 Quarter 2 577,446 234,889 53,473 24,893 191,973 72,218 Quarter 3 574,910 229,740 52,677 25,367 195,419 71,707 Quarter 4 567,516 226,252 51,597 26,143 191,747 71,777 Monthly Avg. 575,910 232,376 53,243 25,570 193,153 71,568 F Y 1 2 -1 3 Quarter 1 561,772 228,533 51,033 27,186 183,741 71,279 Quarter 2 560,642 226,824 50,083 27,986 184,229 71,519 Quarter 3 562,656 221,132 49,531 28,642 190,407 72,944 Quarter 4 554,414 216,238 47,673 29,451 187,924 73,128 Monthly Avg. 559,871 223,182 49,580 28,316 186,575 72,218 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 11 Table 1D. CalWORKs Quarterly Caseload Analysis: FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 (continued) Types of Cases Fiscal Year Total CalWORKs Cases Single-Parent Two-Parent TANF Timed- Out Cases Zero-Parent Families Safety Net F Y 1 3 -1 4 Quarter 1 547,125 215,844 46,208 30,301 182,037 72,735 Quarter 2 546,948 217,414 46,605 31,636 177,983 73,311 Quarter 3 555,316 220,224 49,037 32,101 176,544 77,410 Quarter 4 554,076 220,055 50,041 32,658 170,279 81,045 Monthly Avg. 550,867 218,384 47,973 31,674 176,711 76,125 F Y 1 4 -1 5 Quarter 1 550,169 221,446 49,725 32,909 165,367 80,723 Quarter 2 541,354 216,023 48,254 33,212 163,674 80,192 Quarter 3 531,157 205,319 46,370 32,926 163,693 82,850 Quarter 4 517,600 194,887 45,121 31,629 159,736 86,227 Monthly Avg. 535,070 209,419 47,367 32,669 163,117 82,498 F Y 1 5 -1 6 1 Quarter 1 510,388 194,509 43,761 30,727 154,780 86,611 Quarter 2 500,303 187,756 41,855 29,992 152,609 88,091 Quarter 3 490,275 179,684 40,106 29,417 153,651 87,418 Quarter 4 474,140 169,825 38,157 29,134 148,816 88,207 Monthly Avg. 493,777 182,943 40,970 29,818 152,464 87,582 Data Sources: CA 237 CW, EBT issuance system Note: 1EBT issuance system data is the source for Los Angeles County caseload from October 2015 to June 2016. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG281.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 12 CalWORKS Applications, Approvals and Denials: FY 2015-16 There were a total of 476,581 CalWORKs applications in FY 2015-16. Tables 1E, 1F, and 1G detail by county the number of CalWORKs applications that were approved (222,612) and denied (253,969) in the 2015-16 state fiscal year and the reasons for those denials. Single- Parent families, the most common type of CalWORKs family, comprised the greatest number of applications, approvals, and denials. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 13 Table 1E. CalWORKs Annual Application Approvals by County: FY 2015-16 TYPES OF CASES TOTAL CW APPLICATIONS APPROVED SINGLE- PARENT TWO-PARENT TANF TIMED- OUT CASES ZERO- PARENT FAMILIES SAFETY NET Statewide 222,612 123,570 24,994 8,187 47,400 18,461 Alameda 5,589 3,278 497 181 1,032 601 Alpine – – – – – – Amador 164 86 23 9 17 29 Butte 1,515 852 239 50 230 144 Calaveras 231 137 29 9 32 24 Colusa 84 44 10 4 20 6 Contra Costa 3,833 2,235 331 155 749 363 Del Norte 341 183 65 16 38 39 El Dorado 624 378 101 12 81 52 Fresno 8,433 4,211 1,138 300 1,716 1,068 Glenn 203 105 32 6 48 12 Humboldt 565 334 90 18 82 41 Imperial 1,868 1,134 326 54 195 159 Inyo 95 53 13 3 7 19 Kern 9,930 5,425 1,322 422 1,985 776 Kings 1,537 815 212 51 259 200 Lake 521 302 87 18 87 27 Lassen 223 127 35 9 29 23 Los Angeles 70,113 41,003 5,717 2,582 16,956 3,855 Madera 1,508 634 167 31 547 129 Marin 337 199 23 10 85 20 Mariposa 93 53 18 2 12 8 Mendocino 677 416 72 27 96 66 Merced 3,080 1,562 396 120 716 286 Modoc 97 41 20 2 19 15 Mono 28 15 7 – 5 1 Monterey 3,299 1,129 192 62 1,773 143 Napa 309 201 24 8 65 11 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 14 Table 1E. CalWORKs Annual Application Approvals by County: FY 2015-16 (continued) TYPES OF CASES TOTAL CW APPLICATIONS APPROVED SINGLE- PARENT TWO-PARENT TANF TIMED- OUT CASES ZERO- PARENT FAMILIES SAFETY NET Nevada 273 193 38 2 28 12 Orange 7,613 4,098 813 169 2,165 368 Placer 926 538 129 22 158 79 Plumas 90 54 16 2 12 6 Riverside 13,719 7,961 1,770 430 2,408 1,150 Sacramento 12,461 6,373 2,045 493 1,739 1,811 San Benito 285 150 27 11 75 22 San Bernardino 21,178 11,775 2,754 1,034 3,366 2,249 San Diego 11,622 6,871 1,606 414 1,767 964 San Francisco 1,867 1,153 104 98 342 170 San Joaquin 6,190 3,379 856 184 1,060 711 San Luis Obispo 1,000 553 79 36 264 68 San Mateo 512 283 34 24 141 30 Santa Barbara 2,253 933 133 52 1,009 126 Santa Clara 3,686 2,048 352 117 882 287 Santa Cruz 754 399 51 28 238 38 Shasta 1,286 724 165 57 231 109 Sierra 17 13 1 – 3 – Siskiyou 367 184 86 12 52 33 Solano 2,298 1,364 264 63 361 246 Sonoma 1,182 709 83 45 284 61 Stanislaus 4,384 2,295 684 201 813 391 Sutter 802 392 126 28 172 84 Tehama 512 270 78 23 94 47 Trinity 78 44 13 1 13 7 Tulare 6,855 3,162 890 309 1,605 889 Tuolumne 308 186 48 10 44 20 Ventura 3,113 1,684 279 100 889 161 Yolo 973 508 159 32 185 89 Yuba 711 322 125 29 119 116 Data Source: CA 237 CW, Line Items 7a & 7b http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG281.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 15 Table 1F. CalWORKs Annual Application Denials by County: FY 2015-16 TYPES OF CASES TOTAL CW APPLICATIONS DENIED SINGLE- PARENT TWO-PARENT TANF TIMED- OUT CASES ZERO- PARENT FAMILIES SAFETY NET Statewide 253,969 171,869 34,801 1,977 42,106 3,216 Alameda 5,308 3,349 439 66 1,287 167 Alpine 5 2 2 1 – – Amador 310 208 89 3 4 6 Butte 2,369 1,794 467 16 68 24 Calaveras 308 252 42 2 9 3 Colusa 188 146 34 2 6 – Contra Costa 5,729 3,408 538 44 1,586 153 Del Norte 312 213 60 3 16 20 El Dorado 1,773 1,537 160 7 66 3 Fresno 7,173 4,476 1,219 55 1,218 205 Glenn 265 145 71 8 38 3 Humboldt 1,510 1,095 301 5 84 25 Imperial 2,549 1,855 589 10 63 32 Inyo 90 60 16 4 9 1 Kern 16,464 14,008 1,725 82 531 118 Kings 2,223 1,947 171 13 67 25 Lake 827 573 197 3 51 3 Lassen 242 193 37 – 11 1 Los Angeles 50,423 30,227 7,217 571 12,138 270 Madera 1,886 1,304 421 9 130 22 Marin 655 541 64 5 41 4 Mariposa 138 113 21 – 3 1 Mendocino 547 457 64 5 17 4 Merced 3,717 2,813 506 34 329 35 Modoc 88 66 17 – 2 3 Mono 45 39 6 – – – Monterey 5,936 4,298 791 18 768 61 Napa 813 657 76 1 74 5 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 16 Table 1F. CalWORKs Annual Application Denials by County: FY 2015-16 (continued) TYPES OF CASES TOTAL CW APPLICATIONS DENIED SINGLE- PARENT TWO-PARENT TANF TIMED- OUT CASES ZERO- PARENT FAMILIES SAFETY NET Nevada 661 498 129 3 26 5 Orange 7,481 4,376 932 43 2,059 71 Placer 1,448 899 294 4 236 15 Plumas 198 133 42 – 19 4 Riverside 24,910 19,467 3,456 139 1,638 210 Sacramento 10,581 4,471 1,377 103 4,162 468 San Benito 437 415 10 1 10 1 San Bernardino 29,966 23,159 5,030 176 1,375 226 San Diego 18,333 11,352 1,472 156 5,080 273 San Francisco 1,583 1,100 97 22 345 19 San Joaquin 7,612 6,004 1,145 50 335 78 San Luis Obispo 1,434 864 133 12 409 16 San Mateo 2,667 1,568 229 24 820 26 Santa Barbara 2,774 1,380 287 14 1,045 48 Santa Clara 4,563 2,473 562 31 1,441 56 Santa Cruz 794 382 86 2 305 19 Shasta 2,074 1,485 430 23 83 53 Sierra 4 2 2 – – – Siskiyou 473 337 114 4 16 2 Solano 2,524 1,915 208 14 337 50 Sonoma 1,107 862 81 3 154 7 Stanislaus 7,093 4,806 1,584 41 585 77 Sutter 1,161 926 191 4 27 13 Tehama 1,003 732 219 4 42 6 Trinity 110 79 26 – 5 – Tulare 4,041 2,075 446 62 1,271 187 Tuolumne 409 285 103 1 15 5 Ventura 4,305 2,671 334 46 1,222 32 Yolo 1,140 573 146 9 384 28 Yuba 1,190 804 296 19 44 27 Data Source: CA 255 CW, Line Items 2-12 http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG286.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 17 Table 1G. CalWORKs Annual Application Denials by Reasons by County: FY 2015-16 Table 1G illustrates the reasons for application for aid denials in the 2015-16 state fiscal year. Of the 253,969 applications denied in the year, the most common reason (34 percent) was for failure to comply with procedural requirements (86,471); the next most common reason (24 percent) was denial for lacking either a child eligible for CalWORKs or a child deprived of support or care (61,542). REASONS FOR DENIAL TOTAL DENIALS FAILURE TO COMPLY NO ELIGIBLE CHILD\/NO DEPRIVATION FINANCIAL OTHER Statewide 253,969 86,471 61,542 45,487 60,469 Alameda 5,308 1,331 1,348 1,545 1,084 Alpine 5 3 – – 2 Amador 310 142 31 31 106 Butte 2,369 1,130 267 215 757 Calaveras 308 102 47 38 121 Colusa 188 118 6 18 46 Contra Costa 5,729 1,736 1,543 747 1,703 Del Norte 312 143 46 60 63 El Dorado 1,773 536 781 98 358 Fresno 7,173 2,150 2,386 952 1,685 Glenn 265 111 18 38 98 Humboldt 1,510 871 344 163 132 Imperial 2,549 994 169 361 1,025 Inyo 90 34 7 31 18 Kern 16,464 8,080 2,273 2,206 3,905 Kings 2,223 797 606 442 378 Lake 827 405 20 58 344 Lassen 242 101 40 50 51 Los Angeles 50,423 12,615 13,394 9,997 14,417 Madera 1,886 917 318 312 339 Marin 655 187 133 139 196 Mariposa 138 56 30 12 40 Mendocino 547 222 106 124 95 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 18 Table 1G. CalWORKs Annual Application Denials by Reasons by County: FY 2015-16 (continued) REASONS FOR DENIAL TOTAL DENIALS FAILURE TO COMPLY NO ELIGIBLE CHILD\/NO DEPRIVATION FINANCIAL OTHER Merced 3,717 1,614 237 572 1,294 Modoc 88 43 13 18 14 Mono 45 23 5 3 14 Monterey 5,936 2,164 1,461 1,375 936 Napa 813 268 8 69 468 Nevada 661 262 134 108 157 Orange 7,481 1,480 1,896 1,557 2,548 Placer 1,448 416 631 60 341 Plumas 198 91 10 17 80 Riverside 24,910 11,747 4,459 4,558 4,146 Sacramento 10,581 3,247 3,318 1,944 2,072 San Benito 437 199 15 50 173 San Bernardino 29,966 12,605 7,421 6,026 3,914 San Diego 18,333 4,278 6,931 3,032 4,092 San Francisco 1,583 451 498 345 289 San Joaquin 7,612 2,596 1,798 1,488 1,730 San Luis Obispo 1,434 294 395 141 604 San Mateo 2,667 684 602 678 703 Santa Barbara 2,774 793 816 585 580 Santa Clara 4,563 1,035 933 723 1,872 Santa Cruz 794 220 261 126 187 Shasta 2,074 1,212 291 310 261 Sierra 4 1 2 – 1 Siskiyou 473 193 104 57 119 Solano 2,524 498 559 321 1,146 Sonoma 1,107 296 403 106 302 Stanislaus 7,093 2,976 1,420 1,275 1,422 Sutter 1,161 586 48 135 392 Tehama 1,003 590 26 85 302 Trinity 110 65 8 8 29 Tulare 4,041 745 1,252 1,054 990 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 19 Table 1G. CalWORKs Annual Application Denials by Reasons by County: FY 2015-16 (continued) REASONS FOR DENIAL TOTAL DENIALS FAILURE TO COMPLY NO ELIGIBLE CHILD\/NO DEPRIVATION FINANCIAL OTHER Tuolumne 409 126 19 61 203 Ventura 4,305 944 1,149 608 1,604 Yolo 1,140 346 293 189 312 Yuba 1,190 602 213 166 209 Data Source: CA 255 CW, Line Items 2-12 Notes: Failure to Comply includes but is not limited to failure to include all mandatory persons on the application form, failure to comply with fingerprint\/photo image requirements, refusal to participate in the gathering of evidence to support eligibility and refusal to participate in the face-to-face interview. No Eligible Child refers to the CalWORKs requirement that the family include a minor child who resides with a custodial parent or other adult caretaker relative of the child. No Deprivation refers to the CalWORKs requirement that a child live in a home where at least one parent is absent, deceased, or not working, or is considered disabled. Financial refers to CalWORKs requirements that applicants must have earned income below the stated earned income limits for the family size. Applicant limits for unearned income are generally $1 less than the Minimum Basic Standard of Adequate Care (MBSAC). Applicants with property valued at more than $2,250 or $3,250 (if over 60 or disabled) are ineligible. Other includes cases not approved for reasons not previously listed, including but not limited to nonresident status; the application was cancelled or withdrawn; and the client moved and\/or cannot be located. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG286.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 1 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 20 THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 2 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 21 Chapter 2 Benefits, Earning Levels, and Employment This chapter provides information relating to income levels required for initial CalWORKs program eligibility and income levels and grant levels for recipients of CalWORKs. The chapter contains data describing the earnings distribution of CalWORKs cases, historical average CalWORKs grants, grant levels, income level limits for recipients, and an account of participant employment activities. Key Terms in This Chapter \uf0b7 Assistance Unit (AU) An AU is a group of related persons living in the same home who have been determined to be eligible for CalWORKs and for whom cash aid has been authorized. An AU is sometimes referred to as a CalWORKs case. An AU or case differs from a household in that a household includes all persons in the same dwelling regardless of their relationship to members of the AU, or their eligibility for CalWORKs aid. \uf0b7 CalFresh CalFresh is California’s version of the federal Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP). The CalFresh program helps to improve the health and well-being of qualified California households and individuals by providing monthly benefits that can be used to buy most foods at grocery stores to supplement their nutritional needs. \uf0b7 Child-Only Child-only cases are cases in which only the children in an AU are aided because the parents are ineligible due to immigration status, SSI recipient, or non-needy caretaker relative. \uf0b7 Earnings Earnings includes wages, salary, commissions, and self-employment earnings. Earned income comes from various payment methods such as cash, paycheck or personal check, or \”in-kind\” (such as housing that is included with employment). \uf0b7 Family Family is used interchangeably with AU (see definition above) in CalWORKs. \uf0b7 Household A household includes all persons in the same dwelling regardless of their relationship to members of the AU, or their eligibility for CalWORKs aid. \uf0b7 Maximum Aid Payment (MAP) The MAP is the maximum grant level provided for CalWORKs families. MAP levels are established by the California State Legislature and are based on family size, whether the adults in the household are able to work (exempt or non-exempt), and the geographical location of the family residence (Region 1 or Region 2). o MAP Exempt The MAP for families with adults who are unable to work because of a temporary or permanent incapacity and cases where no adult is California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 2 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 22 receiving aid (e.g., child-only cases) is higher than for those with adults who are able to work. This higher MAP amount is called the MAP exempt level. o Non-Exempt MAP The MAP for families with adults who are able to work is lower than for those with adults who are unable to work. This lower MAP amount is called the Non-Exempt MAP. \uf0b7 Maximum CalFresh Allotment (MCA) The MCA is the maximum food aid benefit level a family may receive from CalFresh. The MCA varies according to family size and income. \uf0b7 Maximum Earned Income Limit The maximum earned income level is the income threshold for CalWORKs recipient families after they become eligible. \uf0b7 Minimum Basic Standards of Adequate Care (MBSAC) The MBSAC is the income threshold to determine an applicant family’s eligibility for CalWORKs. If a family’s income falls below the MBSAC (after an initial $90 earned income disregard) for the region in which they reside, they may be eligible for CalWORKs assistance. \uf0b7 Region 1 and Region 2 California is divided into two regions for determining grant amounts, based on cost of living: o Region 1 counties (higher cost of living): Alameda, Contra Costa, Los Angeles, Marin, Monterey, Napa, Orange, San Diego, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma, and Ventura. o Region 2 counties (lower cost of living): Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Humboldt, Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Kings, Lake, Lassen, Madera, Mariposa, Mendocino, Merced, Modoc, Mono, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Riverside, Sacramento, San Benito, San Bernardino, San Joaquin, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare, Tuolumne, Yolo, and Yuba. \uf0b7 Safety Net Safety-net cases are those in which only the children in an AU are aided due to the parent(s) being discontinued for cash aid because they reached the 48- month lifetime assistance limit. \uf0b7 Sanction Sanctioning is the process by which parent(s) are removed from CalWORKs support because at least one failed to comply with welfare-to-work program requirements without good cause, and county staff compliance efforts failed (Eligible children continue to receive funding). California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 2 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 23 Tables and Figures in This Chapter Table 2A. CalWORKs Maximum Aid Payment (MAP) Levels Effective October 1, 2016 ……. 24 Table 2B. CalWORKs Caseload and Grants with CalFresh Benefits Recent History and Projections (FY 2007-08 through FY 2016-17) …………………………………………………………….. 25 Table 2C. CalWORKs Recipient Earned Income Limits: FY 2016-17 ……………………………… 26 Table 2D. Earnings Distribution for Work-Eligible Adult Cases with Earnings for FY 2015-16 27 Figure 2A. Quarterly Earnings for CalWORKs Adult Recipients: 2003-2016 …………………….. 28 Figure 2B. Proportion of Adult Recipients with Earnings: 2003-2016 ………………………………. 29 Figure 2C. Number of CalWORKs Individuals in Employment: FFYs 2008-2015 ………………. 30 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 2 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 24 MAP Levels The Maximum Aid Payment (MAP) is the maximum grant level provided for CalWORKs families. MAP levels are established by the California State Legislature and are based on family size, whether the adults in the household are able to work (exempt or non-exempt), and the geographical location of the family residence (Region 1 or Region 2). Table 2A. CalWORKs Maximum Aid Payment (MAP) Levels Effective October 1, 2016 Region 11 Region 21 Assistance Unit Size Maximum Aid Payment Exempt Maximum Aid Payment Non- Exempt Assistance Unit Size Maximum Aid Payment Exempt Maximum Aid Payment Non- Exempt 1 $392 $355 1 $374 $336 2 $645 $577 2 $616 $549 3 $799 $714 3 $762 $680 4 $949 $852 4 $904 $810 5 $1,080 $968 5 $1,031 $922 6 $1,214 $1,087 6 $1,157 $1,035 7 $1,334 $1,195 7 $1,272 $1,136 8 $1,454 $1,301 8 $1,385 $1,239 9 $1,571 $1,407 9 $1,498 $1,340 10 or more $1,689 $1,511 10 or more $1,610 $1,438 Notes: For more information on CalWORKs historical MAP levels, please refer to the CDSS website at: ACL 16-64 (August 16, 2016) 1California is divided into two regions based roughly on cost of living, Region 1 (higher cost of living) and Region 2 (lower cost of living). Region 1 Counties: Alameda, Contra Costa, Los Angeles, Marin, Monterey, Napa, Orange, San Diego, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma, and Ventura. Region 2 Counties: Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Humboldt, Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Kings, Lake, Lassen, Madera, Mariposa, Mendocino, Merced, Modoc, Mono, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Riverside, Sacramento, San Benito, San Bernardino, San Joaquin, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare, Tuolumne, Yolo, and Yuba. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/lettersnotices\/EntRes\/getinfo\/acl\/2016\/16-64.pdf California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 2 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 25 CalWORKs Caseload and Grants with CalFresh Benefits Table 2B displays the average monthly CalWORKs caseload and grant, as well as the MAP and maximum CalFresh allotment for Fiscal Years 2007-08 through 2016-17. Table 2B. CalWORKs Caseload and Grants with CalFresh Benefits Recent History and Projections (FY 2007-08 through FY 2016-17) Fiscal Year Average Monthly CalWORKs Cases Average CalWORKs Grants MAP for AU of 3 Region 11 CalFresh MCA for HH of 32 2007-08 465,951 $538 $723 $426 2008-09 504,994 $541 $723 $463 2009-10 553,347 $514 $694 $526 2010-11 586,856 $517 $694 $526 2011-12 575,910 $466 $638 $526 2012-13 559,871 $465 $638 $526 2013-14 550,867 $474 $670 $526 2014-15 535,070 $492 $670 $704 $497 2015-16 493,777 $506 $704 $511 2016-173 485,851 $514 $704 $714 $511 Notes: Acronyms used in this table: MAP = Maximum Aid Payment; AU = Assistance Unit; MCA = Maximum CalFresh Allotment; HH = household 1California’s grant levels are divided into two regions based roughly on cost of living. This chart reflects the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) Maximum Aid Payment (MAP) for an Assistance Unit (AU) of three in Region 1 Counties: Alameda, Contra Costa, Los Angeles, Marin, Monterey, Napa, Orange, San Diego, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma and Ventura. 2CalFresh benefit amounts are based on a Federal Fiscal Year (October-September) versus the State Fiscal Year (July-June). The FY 2016-17 CalFresh benefit amount is based on the FFY 2017 household (HH) Maximum CalFresh Allotment (MCA). 3Represents projections from the 2016-17 Appropriation. Prior years reflect actual data based on the CA 800 Expenditure Report. The CalWORKs MAP for an AU of three increased from $704 to $714 on October 1, 2016. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 2 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 26 CalWORKs Recipient Earned Income Limits This table provides the maximum earned income thresholds for a non-exempt recipient family receiving CalWORKs. If the family’s earnings are above the Maximum Earned Income limit, then the family would become ineligible for CalWORKs. These limits apply only to earned income. The limits for unearned income would vary based on the types of unearned income received by the family. The table also provides the Minimum Basic Standards for Adequate Care (MBSAC) which is used in determining applicant financial eligibility for those families that apply for CalWORKs. Applicant family’s income after applying the value of in-kind income for housing, utilities, food and clothing and less $90 for earned income must be below the MBSAC levels in order to qualify for CalWORKs. Table 2C. CalWORKs Recipient Earned Income Limits: FY 2016-17 Region 1 1 Region 21 Assistance Unit Size Applicant Family Recipient Family Applicant Family Recipient Family FY 2016-17 MBSAC2 Maximum Earned Income Limit Non-Exempt FY 2016-17 MBSAC2 Maximum Earned Income Limit Non-Exempt 1 $636 $935 $603 $897 2 $1,042 $1,379 $991 $1,323 3 $1,292 $1,653 $1,227 $1,585 4 $1,533 $1,929 $1,458 $1,845 5 $1,750 $2,161 $1,666 $2,069 6 $1,968 $2,399 $1,872 $2,295 7 $2,163 $2,615 $2,052 $2,497 8 $2,354 $2,827 $2,241 $2,703 9 $2,554 $3,039 $2,421 $2,905 10 $2,772 $3,247 $2,637 $3,101 Notes: 1California is divided into two regions based roughly on cost of living, Region 1 (higher cost of living) and Region 2 (lower cost of living). 2For applicant families, add $25 for each additional person for assistance units greater than 10. Region 1 counties: Alameda, Contra Costa, Los Angeles, Marin, Monterey, Napa, Orange, San Diego, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma and Ventura. Region 2 counties: Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Humboldt, Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Kings, Lake, Lassen, Madera, Mariposa, Mendocino, Merced, Modoc, Mono, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Riverside, Sacramento, San Benito, San Bernardino, San Joaquin, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare, Tuolumne, Yolo and Yuba. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 2 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 27 Earnings Distribution for Work-Eligible Adult Cases with Earnings This table shows the percentage of children and adults in cases with earnings grouped in $200 increments, and the proportion of these increments in relation to all aided adult cases with earnings. This data represents work-eligible aided adult cases during the period of July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2016 and excludes Child-Only and Safety Net Cases, adults who have received a WTW Sanction or Exemption, adults who have left aid and adults with zero reported income during this period. Table 2D. Earnings Distribution for Work-Eligible Adult Cases with Earnings for FY 2015-16 Average Monthly Income Households With Earnings % of Total Cases $1 to $200 20.4% $201 to $400 12.6% $401 to $600 10.6% $601 to $800 9.5% $801 to $1,000 8.5% $1,001 to $1,200 7.4% $1,201 to $1,400 6.4% $1,401 to $1,600 5.3% $1,601 to $1,800 4.3% $1,801 to $2,000 3.2% $2,001 to $2,200 2.4% $2,201 to $2,400 1.9% $2,401 to $2,600 1.5% More than $2,600 6.0% TOTAL 100% Data Sources: October 2016 WDTIP, MEDS 2016 Quarter 3 and EDD Base Wage Data 2016 Quarter 2 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 2 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 28 Figure 2A. Quarterly Earnings for CalWORKs Adult Recipients: 2003-2016 The following charts display the latest data available for CalWORKs recipients with earnings and provide an historical look at the quarterly earnings of CalWORKs adult recipients as reported by the Employment Development Department (EDD). The chart on this page shows the trend in the median and mean value of earnings of CalWORKs adults from 2003 through June 2016. The California minimum wage has also been included in the chart for reference. The median and mean earnings of CalWORKs adults have generally increased since 2013 despite slight seasonal quarterly downturns each winter. Data Source: EDD Quarterly Wage Earnings for CalWORKs Adult Recipients http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG287.htm $1,300 $1,500 $1,700 $1,900 $2,100 $2,300 $2,500 $2,700 $2,900 $3,100 2003Q1 2004Q1 2005Q1 2006Q1 2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1 2010Q1 2011Q1 2012Q1 2013Q1 2014Q1 2015Q1 2016Q1 Mean Earnings Median Earnings Q u a rt e rl y E a rn in g s i n D o lla rs $6.75 $7.50 $8.00 CA Minimum Wage $9.00 $10.00 http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG287.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 2 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 29 Figure 2B. Proportion of Adult Recipients with Earnings: 2003-2016 This page illustrates changes in the percentage of CalWORKs adults with earnings between July 2003 and June 2016. In general the percentage of CalWORKs adult recipients with earnings has risen from 24 percent in the first quarter of 2013 to nearly 33 percent in the second quarter of 2016, the third-highest rate since 2007. Changes in the California minimum wage have been included for reference. Data Source: EDD Quarterly Wage Earnings for CalWORKs Adult Recipients (from MEDS),http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG287.htm 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 50.00% 2003Q1 2004Q1 2005Q1 2006Q1 2007Q1 2008Q1 2009Q1 2010Q1 2011Q1 2012Q1 2013Q1 2014Q1 2015Q1 2016Q1 Proportion of CalWORKs Adults with EDD Reported Earnings A d u lt s $6.75 $7.50 $8.00 CA Minimum Wage $9.00 $10.00 http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG287.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 2 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 30 Figure 2C. Number of CalWORKs Individuals in Employment: FFYs 2008-2015 The figure below below provides the trend in the number of CalWORKS individuals in employment activities from FFY 2008 to FFY 2015 and displays the increases achieved in each of the employment categories (Subsidized, Unsubsidized, and Self-Employment) since FFY 2013. Of note is the approximately 10,000 participant increase in Unsubsidized Employment from FFY 2013 to FFY 2015. Data Source: WTW 25 and WTW 25A 67,065 69,665 68,650 68,530 59,005 57,817 62,811 64,308 4,499 5,542 6,104 5,930 5,217 4,822 4,879 5,029 1,001 1,265 5,618 2,060 1,736 1,935 2,642 3,771 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CalWORKs Individuals in Employment Activities FFY 2008- 2015 Unsubsidized employment Self-employment Subsidized Employment http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG291.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG292.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 3 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 31 Chapter 3 Fiscal Overview This chapter provides a brief financial overview of the CalWORKs program, including funding sources and the distribution of funds across various program components. Funding Sources CalWORKs is collaboratively funded by the federal government, the state General Fund (GF), and California counties. California receives federal funding for CalWORKs through an annual TANF block grant of $3.7 billion. In order to receive the federal funds, California contributes $2.9 billion annually in Maintenance-of-Effort (MOE) funding. State MOE funds come from the GF, as well as contributions from California’s 58 counties. Other key sources of CalWORKs funding include the Social Services Block Grant (SSBG), also called Title XX, and non-MOE GF. Expenditures The vast majority of CalWORKs funds are provided as grants and services to California families in need. In FY 2015-16, approximately 90 percent of CalWORKs expenditures went to grants, services, child care, and mental health and substance abuse assistance programs. CalWORKs administrative and services funding is provided in an annual Single Allocation to California counties, which administer the program at the local level. TANF\/MOE funds not allocated to CalWORKs are used to fund programs such as Tribal TANF, an assistance program for Native Americans residing on tribal lands; KinGAP, a program that assists non-parental relatives in caring for children; child care programs administered by the California Department of Education (CDE); and others. Key Terms in This Chapter \uf0b7 General Fund (GF) The GF is California’s main governmental operating account. GF revenues come primarily from the state income tax, but state sales and corporate taxes also contribute to the GF. \uf0b7 Maintenance-of-Effort (MOE) The MOE is a requirement that states expend a specified minimum amount of matching funds on benefits for lower-income families in order to participate in the federal TANF program. California allocates $2.9 billion annually in MOE. \uf0b7 Non-MOE General Fund CalWORKs cases that receive assistance from federal TANF, state MOE funds, or some combination, are subject to work participation requirements. Non-MOE General Funds originate in the state GF but are allocated for assistance that is not subject to the federal TANF work participation requirements. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 3 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 32 \uf0b7 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Funding The federal government allocates $16.6 billion annually for TANF. States receive a portion of this total in an annual block grant. To participate in TANF, states must expend a specified amount of dollars in MOE funds that match the TANF funds. California receives approximately $3.7 billion annually in federal TANF funding, and this is matched with roughly $2.9 billion in state-contributed MOE. \uf0b7 Title XX Title XX of the Social Security Act, also referred to as the Social Services Block Grant (SSBG), is a funding program provided to states, without a state matching requirement, to assist in supporting a wide range of services, including preventing child abuse, increasing the availability of child care, and providing community-based care for the elderly and disabled. Funds are allocated to the states on the basis of population. Tables and Figures in This Chapter Figure 3A. CalWORKs Funds for FY 2016-17 ……………………………………………………………… 33 Table 3A. CalWORKs Funding by Program Area & Fund Sources: FY 2016-17 ……………….. 34 Table 3B. Funding Reconciliation for CalWORKs: FY 2016-17 ………………………………………. 35 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 3 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 33 Fiscal Overview of the CalWORKs Program CalWORKs Funds by Program Area and Funding Source The chart and tables below, and on the following pages, display the distribution of funds within each of the CalWORKs program components (grants, administration, services, child care, and mental health and substance abuse treatment). The funding source for each of these components is also provided (TANF, GF, county funds, and Title XX funds). Figure 3A. CalWORKs Funds for FY 2016-17 Note: *Stage One only. Stable clients may receive child care in Stage Two, funded by the California Department of Education. Grants 58% Administration 9% Services 23% Child-Care* 8% Mental Health & Sub. Abuse 2% California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 3 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 34 Table 3A. CalWORKs Funding by Program Area & Fund Sources: FY 2016-17 Funding by Program Area for FY 2016-17 Appropriation (in millions) Fund Sources for FY 2016-17 Appropriation (in millions) Grants $3,109 58% TANF in CalWORKs1 $2,413 Administration $471 9% Maintenance of Effort (MOE) $2,139 Services $1,220 23% Other Funds (Non- MOE GF, Title XX) $788 Child Care $413 8% Total Funds $5,340 Mental Health & Sub. Abuse $127 2% Total Funds $5,340 100% Data Source: CDSS Notes: Acronyms used on this page: MOE (Maintenance of Effort), TANF (federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families), GF (state General Fund) 1Approximately $1.4 billion of the TANF Block Grant is spent in other related programs outside of CalWORKs that serve TANF goals. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 3 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 35 Table 3B. Funding Reconciliation for CalWORKs: FY 2016-17 FY 2016-17 Appropriation (in Millions) TANF MOE Non-MOE Title XX Total GF County GF\/County CalWORKs1 $2,413 $489 $1,650 $625 $163 $5,340 Cash Assistance Grants $3,109 Administration $471 Services $1,220 Mental Health & Substance Abuse $413 Child Care $127 CDSS Programs (Not CalWORKs) $412 $221 $16 $649 Tribal TANF $87 $80 $0 $167 WINS $0 $32 $0 $32 Other CDSS Programs2 $325 $109 $16 $450 Other State Agencies (Not CDSS) $944 $519 $0 $1,463 Community College $0 $35 $0 $35 CDE Child Care Programs $0 $472 $0 $472 Child Support Pass-Through Payment $0 $12 $0 $12 Student Aid Commission $926 $0 $0 $926 TANF Pass-Through for State Agencies $18 $0 $0 $18 Total Spent in All Programs $3,769 $1,229 $1,666 $625 $163 $7,452 COUNTY FUND SOURCES (in Millions) GF EXPENDITURES3 (in Millions) CalWORKs MOE and Non-MOE Expenditures FY 2016-17 FY 2016-17 2.5 Percent of CalWORKs Grants $70 GF in CalWORKs $625 CalWORKs MOE Subaccount $1,121 Total GF in All Programs $1,365 Realignment Family Support Subaccount $586 Child Poverty & Family Suppl. Subaccount $362 Total $2,139 Subaccounts: A portion of funding for CalWORKs grants is shifted from GF to revenues deposited into the CalWORKs MOE Subaccount, Realignment Family Support Subaccount, and Child Poverty and Family Supplemental Support Subaccount. These funds will be redistributed to counties in lieu of GF for CalWORKs expenditures. The CalWORKs MOE Subaccount funds were implemented on September 1, 2011. The Realignment Family Support Subaccount and California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 3 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 36 the Child Poverty and Family Supplemental Support Subaccount were implemented on July 1, 2013. Notes: Acronyms used on this page: MOE (Maintenance of Effort), TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families), WINS (Work Incentive Nutritional Supplement), CDE (California Department of Education), GF (State General Fund) 1Funding for CalWORKs components cannot be broken out by funding type due to overall shifts from TANF to MOE\/Non-MOE. 2Includes KinGAP, other MOE-Eligible Programs in CDSS, and state support costs for CalWORKs. 3For purposes of this table, GF in CalWORKs reflects MOE and Non-MOE GF expenditures on CalWORKs families for grants, administration, services, mental health, substance abuse, and child care. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 37 Chapter 4 Program Chronology This chapter provides a brief history of CalWORKs and its predecessors, beginning with the 1935 federal Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program and the programs that led up to the creation of CalWORKs in 1998. Since then, CalWORKs itself has undergone numerous changes as a result of new federal and state laws. Key Terms in This Chapter \uf0b7 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) Part of the federal stimulus package in response to the Great Recession, ARRA was a supplemental appropriation for job preservation and creation, energy efficiency, and science, assistance to the unemployed, and state and local fiscal stabilization. ARRA provided a work participation rate requirement, relief provisions, and funding for subsidized employment for state TANF programs. \uf0b7 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) AFDC was established by the Social Security Act of 1935 as a grant program to enable states to provide cash welfare payments for needy children who had been deprived of parental support or care because their father or mother was absent from the home, incapacitated, deceased, or unemployed. \uf0b7 Earned Income Disregard (EID) The EID is the amount of earnings subtracted from income for determining a CalWORKs cash grant. The maximum has varied with changes in the law. In October of 2013 it was set to the first $225 in earned income and 50 percent of remaining earned income for all CalWORKs cases. \uf0b7 Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) The EITC is a tax break (in the form of a refund) for people who work full- or part-time. The EITC refund is not counted as income when computing a person or family’s CalWORKs cash grant, CalFresh allocation, or Medi-Cal benefits. \uf0b7 Online CalWORKs Appraisal Tool (OCAT) The OCAT is a web-based statewide standardized appraisal tool, provides in-depth appraisal of recipient strengths, barriers to employment and overall work readiness of CalWORKs participants, leading to more effective placement in work activities and referrals to supportive services. OCAT is based on the federal Online WORK Readiness Assessment Tool (OWRA). \uf0b7 Quarterly Reporting \/Prospective Budgeting (QR\/PB) QR\/PB is a budgeting system put in place in 2003 for the CalWORKs and CalFresh programs. Recipients’ eligibility and benefits are determined for a 3-month period using prospective budgeting and income averaging rules based on information reported by recipients once in the quarter; recipients have the option to report changes that would result in increased grant\/benefits when they occur. \uf0b7 Semi-Annual Reporting (SAR) SAR requires households receiving assistance to report income on a semi-annual basis. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 38 \uf0b7 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program (TANF) TANF is a federal program that replaced AFDC and now funds CalWORKs in California. TANF is designed to help needy families achieve self-sufficiency. States receive block grants to design and operate programs that accomplish one of the four purposes of the TANF program: o Provide assistance to needy families so that children can be cared for in their own homes; o Reduce the dependency of needy parents by promoting job preparation, work, and marriage; o Prevent and reduce the incidence of out-of-wedlock pregnancies; and o Encourage the formation and maintenance of two-parent families. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 39 A Brief History of What Led to the Present Version of CalWORKs The program known as CalWORKs began with the 1935 federal Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, jointly funded and administered by the federal government and the 50 states. AFDC provided cash aid to single mothers with children who had no support from a husband as a result of his death, disability, or absence. By the 1960s, the number of AFDC cases had grown considerably, and the caseload had shifted toward female-headed households that resulted from out-of-wedlock births or divorce. Some social scientists and policymakers became concerned about a possible creation of a culture of long-term dependency and a transmission of dependency from one generation to the next. In response, a series of reforms in 1967 and 1988 offered AFDC participants financial incentives to work and imposed penalties for not working. By the 1990s, experimentation with various AFDC reforms resulted in the federal Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA). In this act, Congress sought to reduce dependence on aid, limit out-of-wedlock childbirth, encourage the formation of stable two-parent families, and ensure that children could be cared for in their own homes or the homes of relatives. To this end, PRWORA replaced AFDC with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), changed the funding structure of the program, limited to 60 months the amount of time that families could receive federal aid, and provided incentives for states to encourage support recipients to work. As a response to PRWORA, in 1997, California enacted the Welfare-to-Work Act, which replaced AFDC (and related state programs) with CalWORKs. As required by PRWORA, CalWORKs included a 60-month time limit and an adult-only sanction for noncompliance with the Welfare- to-Work (WTW) requirements. CalWORKs provided a state-funded Safety Net program that continued the child portion of a grant even after the adult in question reached the lifetime limit. It also simplified the monthly earned income disregard to $225 and 50 percent (i.e., for every dollar of earnings beyond the disregard, the grant declines by 50 cents). These adjustments were an effort to encourage aided recipients to work. Between 1998 and the present, CalWORKs has undergone a number of changes as a result of shifting state priorities, federal policy changes, and the Great Recession of the late 2000s. The following chronology explains briefly, year by year, how CalWORKs has changed in response to changes mandated by the U.S. Congress and the California State Legislature. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 40 1998 CalWORKs Implementation W&IC sections 11200-11526.5 The CalWORKs program, California’s version of the TANF program, was implemented. CalWORKs 60-Month Time Limit W&IC sections 11266.5, 11454, 11454.5, and 11495.1 Adults in the CalWORKs program were allowed to receive assistance for a lifetime maximum of 60 months, unless the individual was exempt or their cash aid grant was fully reimbursed by child support collection. CalWORKs Single Allocation Re-appropriation W&IC section 15204.2 This legislation authorized unspent CalWORKs funding from one year to the next for three years from FY 1997-98 through FY 1999-00. 2002 County Performance Incentives End W&IC section 10544.1 Legislation provided that counties could earn fiscal incentive payments for case exits due to employment, grant reductions due to earnings, and the diversion of applicants from enrolling in CalWORKs. Counties earned approximately $1.092 billion between January 1, 1998, and June 30, 2002. These incentives were discontinued due to budgetary constraints; approximately $400 million of unspent incentives were allocated to counties to spend after June 30, 2002. Base Budget for CalWORKs Single Allocation The CalWORKs Single Allocation base funding for FY 2001-02 and all subsequent years was established at the FY 2000-01 funding level, which was formulated through the Proposed County Administrative Budget (PCAB) process and increased\/decreased by caseload growth\/decline. 2003 Quarterly Reporting \/Prospective Budgeting (QR\/PB) W&IC sections 11265.1 and 11265.2 The monthly reporting\/retrospective budgeting system was replaced with a QR\/PB system for the CalWORKs and CalFresh programs. Under QR\/PB, recipients’ eligibility and benefits are determined for a three month period using prospective budgeting and income averaging rules based on information reported by recipients once in the quarter; recipients have the option to report changes that would result in increased grant\/benefits when they occur. 2004 Work Participation W&IC section 11325.21 The 18\/24 month time limit was eliminated and counties were required to universally engage all non-exempt adults in work activities (WTW program) within 90 days of applying for CalWORKs. Unless exempt from work requirements, adults were required to participate in at least 20 hours California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 41 per week of core activities (employment, work experience, on-the-job training, work-study, self- employment, community service, up to twelve months of vocational training, job search and job readiness assistance) and 12 hours per week of core or non-core activities (predominantly educational activities). Employment Services Augmentation W&IC section 11325.22 An additional $50 million in TANF funds was provided for Employment Services. CalWORKs Single Allocation Reappropriation W&IC section 15204.2 Unspent CalWORKs Single Allocation funds totaling $40 million were re-appropriated from FY 2003-04 for distribution and expenditure in FY 2004-05. 2005 CalWORKs Single Allocation Reappropriation W&IC section 15204.2 Unspent CalWORKs Single Allocation funds totaling $50 million were re-appropriated from FY 2004-05 for distribution and expenditure in FY 2005-06 as an offset to the reduction in CalWORKs Eligibility Administration Basic and Prospective Budgeting savings. 2006 Administration Restoration Budget Act of 2006 section 28.00 Funding was reestablished at the FY 2005-06 spending level with $140 million restored for county CalWORKs administration. 2007 Employment Services Augmentation W&IC section 10535 An additional $90 million in TANF funds was provided for Employment Services to help improve client participation levels. COLA Elimination to the CalWORKs MAP Levels W&IC section 11453 The annual COLA to the CalWORKs MAP levels was eliminated effective FY 2007-08 and thereafter. Durational Sanctions W&IC section 11327.5 Legislation removed the statutory requirement that noncompliant individuals in the CalWORKs WTW program be subject to financial sanctions of a minimum duration of three or six months for individuals in their second, third or subsequent instance of non-compliance, respectively. Instead, any sanction may end at the point the noncompliant individual performs the activity he or she previously failed or refused to perform. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 42 CalWORKs Homeless Assistance Program W&IC section11450 (f) (2) (A) (B) Legislation increased the daily rate for temporary homeless assistance, redefined homelessness criteria to include families who receive a notice to pay rent or vacate, allowed up to two months of rent in arrears to prevent homelessness and allowed a higher rent threshold to secure permanent housing. 2008 Subsidized Employment W&IC section 11322.63 Counties were provided funding outside of the CalWORKs Single Allocation to pay 50 percent of a CalWORKs WTW participant’s wage subsidy while participating in public or private sector Subsidized Employment. Participation is limited to a maximum of six months for each WTW participant, up to 50 percent of the Maximum Aid Payment for the family. Employment Services Base Veto Budget Act of 2008 section 103 The Governor vetoed $60 million of the CalWORKs Single Allocation due to the state’s budget crisis. This was reflected as a $60 million reduction to Employment Services funding. 2009 Four Percent Maximum Aid Payment Reduction W&IC Sections 11450, 11452, and 11453 All CalWORKs Maximum Aid Payment levels (including exempt, non-exempt, Region 1 and Region 2) were reduced by four percent. ARRA of 2009 W&IC sections 11320.3 and 11454.5 CDSS was authorized to apply to the Emergency Contingency Fund under ARRA, a multi-year, federal economic stimulus program. Emergency Contingency Fund programs included Basic Assistance, Subsidized Employment, and Non-Recurrent Short-Term Benefits. Temporary Suspension of Subsidized Employment W&IC section 11322.64 Subsidized Employment was suspended while funds were available through the ARRA Emergency Contingency Fund. WTW Temporary Exemptions for Parents of Young Children W&IC section 11320.3 (b) (7) Parents with a child between one and two years of age or parents with two children under age six were exempted from WTW requirements to provide counties with a way to absorb a $376 million reduction in Employment Services and Child Care in the CalWORKs Single Allocation. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 43 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Funding Flexibility W&IC sections 11325.71 and 11329.5(e) Counties were allowed the flexibility to redirect funding both from and to the CalWORKs Mental Health and Substance Abuse allocations, and both from and to other CalWORKs Employment Services, for FY 2009-10 and FY 2010-11. 2010 TANF Emergency Contingency Fund Continued implementation\/expansion of CalWORKs subsidized employment programs through the TANF Emergency Contingency Fund (ECF) that was part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) economic stimulus package. 2011 Eight Percent Maximum Aid Payment Reduction W&IC sections 11450, 11452, and 11453 All CalWORKs Maximum Aid Payment levels (including exempt, non-exempt, and Region One and Region Two) were reduced by eight percent. CalWORKs 48-Month Time Limit W&IC sections 11454, 11454.2, and 11454.5 The CalWORKs time limit for adults was reduced from 60 months to 48 months, counting all months on aid received in California since January 1, 1998, unless the adult has\/had a time limit exemption. Earned Income Disregard (EID) Reduction W&IC section 11451.5 The initial amount of non-exempt earned income disregarded when determining grant amounts decreased from $225 to $112. The disregard of 50 percent of any additional non-exempt earned income was maintained. Changes to the Cal-Learn Program W&IC section 11334.8 Cal-Learn intensive case management services were suspended for one year. Pregnant and parenting teens continued to receive CalWORKs assistance and services in the WTW program. Extend Mental Health and Substance Abuse Funding Flexibility W&IC sections 11325.71 and 11329.5(f) Legislation extended the flexibility to redirect funding both from and to the CalWORKs Mental Health and Substance Abuse allocations, and both from and to other CalWORKs Employment Services for FY 2011-12. Changes to Subsidized Employment W&IC section 11322.63 The state’s maximum contribution (outside of the Single Allocation) toward wage subsidies under the Subsidized Employment program was increased to 100 percent of the computed California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 44 grant for the participant’s AU in the month prior to participation in Subsidized Employment. The eligible population was expanded to include individuals in the CalWORKs Safety Net program and individuals in WTW sanction status. Counties were allowed to continue AB 98 Subsidized Employment for the duration of the placement to participants who become ineligible for CalWORKs due to their Subsidized Employment income. Extend WTW Exemptions for Young Children W&IC sections 11320.3(b) (7), 11320.3(f) (1), and 11320.3(g) The $376 million reduction in the CalWORKs Single Allocation was extended. The young children and good cause for lack of supportive service exemptions were extended through June 1, 2012. 2012 SB 1041 Overview Chapter 47, Statutes of 2012 SB 1041 lowered the minimum hourly participation requirement for single parents (from 32 hours to either 20 hours or 30 hours depending on the age of the youngest child) and provided flexibility in requirements, allowing recipients to pursue schooling and job-skills training as they move toward self-sufficiency. The earned income disregard rose from $112 to $225 (i.e., back to the level in effect prior to 2011), allowing qualifying individuals to keep more of their earnings before their cash grant gets reduced or they no longer qualify for aid. Several reporting requirements were modified to reduce burdens on recipients and county welfare offices; for example, the prior quarterly income verification system was replaced by a semi-annual reporting system. For child-only cases (exclusive of those in sanction status), income verification is now required annually rather than quarterly. The effects of the changes introduced by SB 1041 are currently being evaluated by researchers at the RAND Corporation. End of WTW Temporary Exemptions for Young Children W&IC sections 11320.3(g), 11320.3(h), and 11320.3(b)(6)(A)(iv) Legislation extended the temporary exemptions for parents of young children through the end of calendar year 2012; adults remained exempt past January 2013 until they had been re- engaged in a WTW plan. Counties were required to re-engage these previously exempted cases over a period of two years, with all cases being re-engaged by January 2015. Additionally, a new once-per-lifetime exemption was created for parents of children under two years of age. WTW 24-Month Time Clock W&IC sections 11320.8, 11322.85, and 11322.86 The eligibility requirements for work-eligible adults in the CalWORKs program was changed by providing 24 months of aid under which WTW participants must meet state-defined work requirements and an additional 24 months of aid only if WTW participants meet federally- defined work requirements. Counties have the option of extending the 24 months of eligibility based on state requirements for 20 percent of its post-24 month caseload if the adult meets California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 45 specific criteria that suggest additional months of assistance will provide significant progress toward self-sufficiency, or if the adult is facing uniquely adverse labor market conditions. WTW Hourly Participation Requirements W&IC section 11322.8 The hourly work requirements for work-eligible adults in the CalWORKs program were aligned with federal hourly work requirements, and no WTW core hours are required during the WTW 24-Month Time Clock. Single parents with no child under six have to participate in a weekly minimum of 30 hours each week; 20 hours for single parents with a child under six, and 35 hours for two-parent families. After exhausting the WTW 24-Month Time Clock, unless otherwise exempt, or having received an extension, work-eligible adults must meet federal work requirements in order to continue receiving cash aid. Annual Reporting\/Child-Only (AR\/CO) W&IC section 11265.45 The number of reporting periods for child-only cases was reduced from four (under QR\/PB) to one. Child-only cases are ones in which no adult is aided (safety net cases, undocumented citizens, non- needy caretaker relatives, recipients of SSI, etc., excluding WTW sanctioned cases). Restoration of the Cal-Learn Program W&IC sections 11334.6, 11334.8, and 11454.5 Intensive case management services for pregnant and parenting teens were restored, assuming that counties would begin to phase their programs in throughout FY 2012-13. Single Allocation Reappropriation AB 1477 (Chapter 630, Statutes of 2012) Legislation provides that $80 million of unspent TANF funds from FY 2010-11 be reverted early to augment the Single Allocation. 2013 Work Incentive Nutritional Supplement (WINS) W&IC section 15525 A monthly additional food assistance benefit was provided to CalFresh households working sufficient hours to meet TANF WPR. The W&IC section 15525 reduced the WINS benefit from $40 to $10 per household per month and changed the implementation date from October 1, 2013, to January 1, 2014. Earned Income Disregard (EID) Restoration to $225 W&IC section 11451.5 The initial disregard of $225 of non-exempt earned income was restored, rescinding the Legislature’s prior action that reduced the EID to $112, and the disregard of 50 percent of all additional earned income was maintained. Semi-Annual Reporting (SAR) W&IC sections 11265.1, 11265.2, 11265.3, and 11265.4 The QR\/PB was replaced with a SAR system, which reduces the number of required income reports made by CalWORKs recipients to twice per year for an aided adult and WTW California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 46 sanctioned cases. The SAR system imposes two additional income reporting thresholds: 55 percent of the monthly income of a family of three at the federal poverty level plus the amount of earned and unearned income last used to calculate the CalWORKs grant or the level likely to render an AU ineligible for CalWORKs benefits. Online CalWORKs Appraisal Tool W&IC section 11325.2(b) Funding was provided for the development and implementation of a statewide standardized appraisal tool, known as the Online CalWORKs Appraisal Tool (OCAT), which will lead to more effective placement in work activities and referral to supportive services. Expanded Subsidized Employment W&IC section 11322.63 Counties were allocated funds, in addition and independent of, the CalWORKs Single Allocation, in order to expand Subsidized Employment program opportunities in California. Family Stabilization W&IC section 11325.24 Family Stabilization provides intensive case management and services to ensure a basic level of stability within a family prior to, or concurrently with, participation in WTW activities. 2014 Vehicle Asset Limit Increase W&IC section 11155 Increases the equity value limit of a vehicle to $9,500 and adds a new exemption for a vehicle given as a gift, family transfer or donation to a client by a family member effective January 1, 2014. Exemption of Child-Only Safety Net and Drug\/Fleeing Felon Cases from Child Support Requirements W&IC sections 11251.3 and 11486.5 The safety net and felon adult CalWORKs cases are funded with non-MOE GF and are no longer required to assign their child support rights to the state as a condition of eligibility. Any receipt of child support that is reasonably anticipated would be considered unearned income and counted against the assistance payment. Counties must remove all child support related sanctions and penalties for these cases retroactively, effective back to June 1, 2014. Changes in WTW Hourly Work Participation Determination W&IC section 11322.8 The determination of hours per week a work-eligible adult must participate in work activities changed from a weekly minimum requirement to an average per week during the month. Changes to Family Stabilization Compliance W&IC section 11325.24 Family Stabilization has been amended to provide housing assistance to the families. Recipients who refuse or are unable to follow their family stabilization plans without good cause will be returned to the WTW program. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 47 CalWORKs Housing Support W&IC section 11325.24 Housing support, including rental costs, is provided to eligible CalWORKs recipients who are experiencing homelessness or housing instability that would be a barrier to self-sufficiency or child well-being. This is an optional county program. Five Percent Maximum Aid Payment Increase W&IC section 11450.025 All CalWORKs Maximum Aid Payment levels (including exempt, non-exempt, Region One and Region Two) were increased by five percent effective March 1, 2014. Approved Relative Caregiver Funding Option W&IC section 11461.3 At county discretion, the amount paid to approved, relative caregivers for the in-home care of children placed with them will be equal to the basic rate paid to foster care providers. 2015 Pregnant Women W&IC section 11450 Expands eligibility for CalWORKs and Pregnancy Special Needs Payment to all pregnant women who have no other eligible children beginning in the second trimester. Previously, this population was not eligible until the beginning of the third trimester. Truancy W&IC section 11253 Eliminates the school attendance requirement and penalty to caretaker relatives when a child under the age of 16 is not regularly attending school. Counties will inform the family of how to enroll the child, age 16 or older, in a continuation school within the county and the family may be screened to determine eligibility for family stabilization services. OCAT Statewide Training and Implementation – W&IC section 11325.2(b) In 2013 funding was provided for the development and implementation of a statewide standardized appraisal tool, known as the Online CalWORKs Appraisal Tool (OCAT), which will lead to more effective placement in work activities and referral to supportive services. Statewide training and implementation for OCAT was completed in 2015 and OCAT went live in all counties by October 2015. Five Percent Maximum Aid Payment Increase W&IC section 11450.025 All CalWORKs Maximum Aid Payment levels (including exempt, non-exempt, Region One and Region Two) were increased by five percent effective April 1, 2015. CalWORKs Eligibility to Include Drug Felons W&IC section 11251.3 and11486.5 CalWORKs eligibility extended to drug felons, contingent upon compliance with all terms of probation or parole, including participation in drug treatment programs effective April 1, 2015. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 48 2016 1.43 Percent MAP Increase W&IC section 11450.025 All CalWORKs MAP levels (including exempt, non-exempt, Region One and Region Two) were increased by 1.43 percent effective October 1, 2016. CalWORKs Homeless Assistance Program W&IC section 11450 Effective January 1, 2017, both temporary and permanent Homeless Assistance (HA) are available to an eligible CalWORKs assistance unit (AU) once every 12 months, with exceptions. Previously, HA was available once-in-a-lifetime, with exceptions. Maximum Family Grant (MFG) Repeal W&IC section 11450.04 In accordance with the Budget Act of 2016, cash grants will be increased to include children who were not receiving cash assistance because they were born to families who received aid for the ten months prior to the child’s birth. No child shall be denied aid because he or she was born into a family during a period in which the family was receiving aid. This applies to children currently designated as MFG, as well as future children born to the AU. Changes to Subsidized Employment W&IC section 11320.15 and 11322.64 The AB 98 Subsidized Employment Program was eliminated and the eligible population for Expanded Subsidized Employment was expanded to include individuals in the CalWORKs Safety Net program. Participation in Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014 Activities W&IC section 11322.63 A CalWORKs recipient in a Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act career pathway program is deemed to meet the CalWORKs hourly participation requirements under specified conditions. Temporary Assistance Program W&IC section 11320.32 This program was made inoperative in FY 2015-16. This was a voluntary program for current and future CalWORKs recipients who met exemption criteria for work participation activities. This program was passed into law in 2008, though implementation was never achieved due to repeated delays. Simplified CalWORKs Application Process and Form for Non-Needy Caretaker Relative With Relative Foster Child Placed In The Home W&IC section 11253.2 In accordance with the AB 403, the CalWORKs program has developed a simplified process to apply for CalWORKs benefits for a foster child when the foster child has been placed with a relative who is not requesting public assistance cash aid for themselves. The caretaker relative will use a simplified form that asks for information regarding income and resources only about the child. tel:11450.04 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 49 Some of the CalWORKs program rules have also been waived to simplify the process since these foster parents must already undergo background screening and are not subject to the Welfare to Work rules when not requesting aid for themselves. CalWORKs Grieving Parent\/Caretaker Provisions W&IC sections 11321 and 11450.05 In accordance with AB 433 a new section was added and a section amended to the Welfare and Institutions Code when a child in the CalWORKs assistance unit (AU) is reported as deceased. When a child in the AU becomes deceased the AU’s grant amount will not decrease in the month or the following month, and the parent(s)\/caretaker(s) are excused from required welfare to work activities. They will also not be subject to sanctions for failure to participate. Overpayments will not apply for the grant not decreasing. Counties will be required to assist the family in identifying services the family may be eligible for such as, nutrition assistance, housing support and locating mental health services, if needed, or requested. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 4 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 50 THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 51 Chapter 5 Welfare-to-Work (WTW) Participation This chapter describes CalWORKs welfare-to-work participation. It begins with a table detailing the differences between the two categories of CalWORKs requirements and the federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) requirements. The chapter then chronicles California’s work participation rate (WPR) trends over various time periods. CalWORKs provides cash assistance to families in need and offers work supports and incentives to help adults gain and maintain employment and to assist families to become self- sufficient. As a condition of receiving CalWORKs assistance, adults must participate in welfare- to-work activities for a minimum number of hours, unless they qualify for an exemption from welfare-to-work participation. California receives an annual federal TANF block grant of $3.7 billion to help fund CalWORKs and a number of other safety net programs. As a condition of receiving the federal funding, CalWORKs is measured by the federal WPR, the primary metric used by the federal Administration for Children and Families (ACF) to quantify the performance of state TANF programs. States that receive TANF funding are required to meet WPR requirements of 50 percent of all families and 90 percent of two- parent families in each federal fiscal year. The WPR is calculated by dividing the number of TANF cases with Work Eligible Individuals (WEIs) meeting federal participation requirements by the total number of TANF cases with WEIs subject to those requirements. Failure to meet federal WPR requirements may result in a federal fiscal penalty for each year of failure. CalWORKs hourly welfare-to-work participation requirements are aligned with, but not identical to, the federal work participation requirements for TANF cases. Required work participation hours and allowable activities for each adult are based on the number of adults in an Assistance Unit (AU), the age of the children in the AU, and if the Welfare-to-Work 24-Month Time Clock has been exhausted. A table is provided in this chapter that details differences between the three different time clocks. CalWORKs adults are subject to two main categories of welfare-to-work requirements: \uf0b7 CalWORKs minimum standards These requirements allow for a cumulative 24 months of increased flexibility out of the total 48 months of aid, and the aid can be extended under certain conditions. Individuals participating in accordance with these requirements are using the Welfare-to-Work 24-Month Time Clock; and \uf0b7 CalWORKs federal standards These standards are closely aligned, but not identical to, federal TANF requirements. CalWORKs recipients are subject to these standards after they have exhausted their 24-month time clock. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 52 California has been in WPR non-compliance since 2007, and financial penalties have been preliminarily assessed by the federal government for failure to achieve the required WPR in those years. Federal regulations allow for a number of penalty mitigation options, and California is in the process of exercising those options. One of the options afforded to states to mitigate a federal fiscal penalty for WPR non-compliance is the submittal of a Corrective Compliance Plan (CCP). California has submitted seven CCPs for the penalties assessed for WPR noncompliance from 2008 through 2014. Chapter Five details the current status of these penalties and California’s WPR compliance efforts. This chapter ends with details concerning California’s TANF work participation rates over selected time periods. Key Terms in This Chapter \uf0b7 24-Month Time Clock (24MTC) Adult CalWORKs participants are required to engage in welfare-to-work activities during their potentially maximum grant period of 48 months. During the first 24 months of aid receipt there are more activity options. These activities include work, education, and training and mental health, substance abuse, and\/or domestic abuse services. \uf0b7 The WTW 24MTC stops when a participant is in appraisal, job search, assessment, or development of a new WTW plan; is meeting the required federal participation hours; is participating in Cal- Learn; is exempt; or is being sanctioned. \uf0b7 Administration for Children and Families (ACF) The ACF is the federal organization that oversees TANF programs. The ACF is a division of the Department of Health & Human Services. The ACF promotes the economic and social well-being of families, children, individuals, and communities with partnerships, funding, guidance, training, and technical assistance. \uf0b7 Corrective Compliance Plan (CCP) – A CCP is one of the approaches provided for states to reduce or eliminate a federal fiscal penalty for WPR noncompliance. As stipulated in 45 CFR 262.6, a CCP must include: o A complete analysis of why the State did not meet requirements; o A detailed description of how the State will correct or discontinue the violation; o The time period in which the violation will be corrected or discontinued; o The milestones, including interim processes and outcome goals, the State will achieve to assure compliance; and o A certification by the Governor that the State is committed to correcting or discontinuing the violation in accordance with the plan. \uf0b7 Enrollee This refers to an individual who has, after becoming eligible for CalWORKs, received a notice that he or she is required to participate in welfare-to-work. \uf0b7 Exempt Case This refers to cases with an individual who is exempt from participation in welfare-to-work, due to meeting a qualifying criterion. \uf0b7 Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) The period, starting on October 1 of one year and ending on September 30 of the next year, on which the federal government bases fiscal and data reporting requirements. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 53 it ends; for example, FFY 2013 begins on October 1, 2012, and ends on September 30, 2013. \uf0b7 Good Cause An individual in good cause status is excused from welfare-to-work participation when it has been determined that there is a condition or circumstance that temporarily prevents, or significantly impairs, the individual’s ability to be regularly employed, or to participate in welfare-to-work activities. Good Cause status is defined in the California Department of Social Services (CDSS) Manual of Policies and Procedures (MPP) 42-713. \uf0b7 Non-Compliant This refers to an individual who has been sent a notice of non- compliance with welfare-to-work participation requirements but has not yet returned to participation, or been sanctioned. \uf0b7 Safety Net Cases in which only the children in an AU are aided because the parent(s) are discontinued for cash aid due to their reaching the 48-month lifetime assistance limit. \uf0b7 Sanctioned Cases This refers to cases with an individual who has been removed from aid due to non-compliance with welfare-to-work participation requirements. \uf0b7 Unduplicated Cases This is data included in the Welfare-to-Work 25 and 25A (WTW 25 and 25A) data report, that accounts for individuals participating in WTW activities and does not duplicate counts for individuals participating in more than one reported activity. \uf0b7 Work-Eligible Individual (WEI) an adult (or minor child head-of-household) receiving assistance under TANF or a separate State program or a non-recipient parent living with a child receiving such assistance unless the parent is: o A minor parent and not the head-of-household; o A non-citizen who is ineligible to receive assistance due to his or her immigration status; or o At State option on a case-by-case basis, a recipient of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits or Aid to the Aged, Blind or Disabled in the Territories. The term also excludes: o A parent providing care for a disabled family member living in the home, provided that there is medical documentation to support the need for the parent to remain in the home to care for the disabled family member; o At State option on a case-by-case basis, a parent who is a recipient of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits; and o An individual in a family receiving MOE-funded assistance under an approved Tribal TANF program, unless the State includes the Tribal family in calculating work participation rates, as permitted under CFR 45 261.25. https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/cfr\/text\/45\/261.25 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 54 Tables and Figures in This Chapter Table 5A. CalWORKs WTW Activities and Hourly Requirements ……………………………………. 56 Figure 5A. Quarterly Analysis of the Welfare-to-Work Population FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 58 Table 5B. Quarterly Analysis of the Welfare-to-Work Population FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59 Table 5C. CalWORKs Welfare-to-Work Education Activities …………………………………………. 61 Table 5D. Number of Community College Degrees, Certificates, and Awards CalWORKs Recipients Received: 2009-2016 ……………………………………………………………………………….. 62 Table 5E. Average Monthly Percent of Exemptions Granted to WTW Adults: FFYs 2007-2015 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63 Table 5F. Welfare-to-Work (WTW) 24-Month Time Clock Exemptions\/Good Cause ………….. 65 Table 5G. Participation in Work or Work-Related Activities (TANF cases only): FFYs 2008- 2015 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 68 Table 5H. Summary of WPR Assessed Penalties and Compliance Status……………………….. 69 Table 5I. California’s TANF Work Participation Rate (WPR) History: FFYs 1997-2016 ………. 71 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 55 CalWORKs WTW Activities and Hourly Requirements Table 5A. Description CalWORKs adults are required to participate in WTW activities as a condition of aid, unless exempt, until the maximum 48 months for CalWORKs assistance is reached. Once the 48-month time limit is reached for the adult, aid can continue for an eligible child or children until they reach age 18. Prior Law – CalWORKs participation requirements before January 1, 2013: Under previous law, there were weekly minimum participation requirements of 20 core and 32 total hours per week for single parents, and 20 core and 35 total hours per week for parents in two-parent families. Some non-core activities, such as job skills training, education directly related to employment, and barrier removal activities, could be ‘blended’ with core activities and counted toward the core requirement. Clients could participate in vocational education as a core activity for a lifetime maximum of 12 months. Senate Bill 1041 – CalWORKs participation requirements starting January 1, 2013: During adults’ 48 Months on Aid For 24 Months – CalWORKs recipients are able to participate in any of the full array of CalWORKs WTW activities they need, consistent with an assessment, to become self- sufficient with no core hourly requirement. The 24 months are cumulative and may be used at any time during adults’ maximum 48 months of CalWORKs assistance. During the 24 months, clients must meet new CalWORKs minimum weekly hourly participation requirements. The new law reduced the hourly requirement from 32 to 30 hours per week for single parents and to 20 hours per week for single parents with a child under six. After 24 Months – Unless otherwise exempt or having received an extension, CalWORKs recipients must meet CalWORKs federal standards, based on federal work requirements, in order to continue receiving aid. CalWORKs recipients can only participate in federally countable activities and must meet a weekly core and overall hourly requirement consistent with federal requirements. CalWORKs federal standards allow for an additional 12 months of vocational education to be countable as a core activity. This provides up to three years of predominantly education- focused activities during the 48 months of aid. Participation requirements remain at 30 or 20 hours per week for single parents; however, 20 hours must be in core activities. The core hourly requirement for two-parent families increased to 30 from 20 with the new law, with the overall 35-hour requirement maintained. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 56 Table 5A. CalWORKs WTW Activities and Hourly Requirements Adults’ 48 Months on Aid Prior Law For 24 Months After 24 Months Hourly Participation Requirements (monthly average hours per week\/core hours required) \uf0b7 Single parent with child under 6 32\/20 core 20\/0 core 20\/20 core \uf0b7 Single-parent families with children ages 6 and over 32\/20 core 30\/0 core 30\/20 core \uf0b7 Two-parent families 35\/20 core 35\/0 core 35\/30 core WTW Activities \uf0b7 Employment Activities1 \uf0b7 Work experience \uf0b7 Community service \uf0b7 On-the-job training (OJT) \uf0b7 Employment Activities \uf0b7 Vocational education (12 month lifetime limit) \uf0b7 Job search \uf0b7 Job readiness activities \uf0b7 Work experience \uf0b7 Community service \uf0b7 Job skills training \uf0b7 Adult basic education \uf0b7 Secondary school \uf0b7 Barrier removal activities \uf0b7 Employment activities \uf0b7 Work experience \uf0b7 Community service \uf0b7 OJT Core Activities Non-Core Activities Blendable Activities2 \uf0b7 Job skills training \uf0b7 Adult basic education \uf0b7 Satisfactory attendance in a Secondary school \uf0b7 Barrier removal activities3 \uf0b7 Job skills training \uf0b7 Adult basic education \uf0b7 Satisfactory attendance in a secondary school Time-Limited Core Activities4 \uf0b7 Vocational education (12 month lifetime limit) NA \uf0b7 Barrier removal activities \uf0b7 Job search \uf0b7 Job readiness assistance \uf0b7 Vocational education (12 month lifetime limit) Employment Services \uf0b7 Child care \uf0b7 Supportive services \uf0fc \uf0fc \uf0fc \uf0fc \uf0fc \uf0fc Notes: 1Employment activities include unsubsidized and subsidized employment, work study, supported work and transitional employment, and grant-based on-the-job training. 2 These non-core activities were blendable activities that could be counted toward the core hourly requirement. 3 Barrier removal activities include mental health, substance abuse, and domestic violence services intended to remove barriers to welfare-to-work participation. 4 Job search, job readiness, and barrier removal activities are limited to four consecutive weeks, not to exceed six weeks in a 12- month period. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 57 Quarterly Analysis of the Welfare-To-Work Population The Welfare-to-Work 25 and 25A (WTW 25 & 25A) reports provide data about the welfare-to- work population from each of the 58 California counties. The categorical delineations that comprise the WTW 25 & 25A reflect the welfare-to-work status of the cases and their eligibility to receive cash assistance. The categories are defined as: \uf0b7 Employment Services Total The sum of the Sanction, Non-Compliance, Good Cause, and Unduplicated populations. These populations are separated because it is assumed that Exempt or Safety Net individuals are included in the unduplicated count because these cases are participating in WTW; \uf0b7 Unduplicated Individual (Undup.) This is a count on the WTW 25 & 25A that represents individuals participating in WTW activities and does not duplicate counts for individuals participating in more than one reported activity. \uf0b7 Exempt This is an individual who is exempt from participation in welfare-to-work, due to meeting a qualifying criterion; \uf0b7 Sanctioned This is an individual who has been removed from aid due to non- compliance with welfare-to-work participation requirements; \uf0b7 Non-Compliant (Non-Compl.) This refers to an individual who has been sent a notice of non-compliance with welfare-to-work participation requirements but has not yet returned to participation, or been sanctioned; \uf0b7 Good Cause An individual in good cause status is excused from welfare-to-work participation when it has been determined that there is a condition or circumstance that temporarily prevents, or significantly impairs, the individual’s ability to be regularly employed or to participate in welfare-to-work activities; and \uf0b7 Safety Net This is a count of individuals receiving services post 48-month time limit at county discretion. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 58 Figure 5A. Quarterly Analysis of the Welfare-to-Work Population FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 Data Source: WTW 25 and WTW 25A Notes: Total does not include Exempt or Safety Net. Data from WTW 25 and 25A is not currently updated for FY 2015-16 quarters 2, 3 and 4. 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 1 FY 07- 08 FY 07- 08 FY 08- 09 FY 08- 09 FY 09- 10 FY 09- 10 FY 10- 11 FY 10- 11 FY 11- 12 FY 11- 12 FY 12- 13 FY 12- 13 FY 13- 14 FY 13- 14 FY 14- 15 FY 14- 15 FY 15- 16 N u m b e r o f C a s e s Total Unduplicated Exempt Sanctions Non Compliance Good Cause Safety Net http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG291.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG292.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 59 Table 5B. Quarterly Analysis of the Welfare-to-Work Population FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 Welfare-to-Work Cases Fiscal Year Exempt Safety Net Sanctions Non- Compliance Good Cause Unduplicated Total1 F Y 0 7 -0 8 Quarter 1 50,065 3,968 40,115 24,978 10,361 114,814 190,268 Quarter 2 51,679 5,116 38,788 23,910 10,760 117,370 190,827 Quarter 3 53,210 5,372 39,035 25,394 11,232 121,831 197,492 Quarter 4 56,355 5,539 41,246 25,502 11,519 125,947 204,214 FY Average 52,827 4,999 39,796 24,946 10,968 119,991 195,700 F Y 0 8 -0 9 Quarter 1 56,799 5,490 39,449 25,646 11,864 129,279 206,238 Quarter 2 57,195 5,566 39,695 27,700 12,056 134,341 213,792 Quarter 3 58,805 5,680 41,945 30,699 13,932 140,965 227,541 Quarter 4 61,623 5,522 45,254 30,601 14,858 147,885 238,598 FY Average 58,605 5,565 41,586 28,662 13,177 138,117 221,542 F Y 0 9 -1 0 Quarter 1 62,891 5,391 47,813 30,718 15,988 147,749 242,267 Quarter 2 81,812 5,218 47,454 27,149 16,495 146,078 237,176 Quarter 3 106,013 5,196 45,258 24,949 14,265 142,265 226,738 Quarter 4 114,125 5,133 45,205 23,822 13,056 137,678 219,761 FY Average 91,210 5,235 46,432 26,660 14,951 143,443 231,486 F Y 1 0 -1 1 Quarter 1 122,308 5,298 47,146 23,815 13,067 137,013 221,041 Quarter 2 125,364 5,287 46,669 24,910 13,379 138,633 223,591 Quarter 3 132,187 5,273 47,839 26,113 14,632 141,305 229,888 Quarter 4 137,645 5,453 50,154 27,334 14,600 144,187 236,275 FY Average 129,376 5,328 47,952 25,543 13,920 140,284 227,699 F Y 1 1 -1 2 Quarter 1 132,952 7,608 45,972 25,439 13,499 125,735 210,645 Quarter 2 133,614 7,517 45,861 25,055 12,200 122,435 205,551 Quarter 3 132,701 7,372 47,294 25,209 11,825 120,183 204,511 Quarter 4 132,363 7,471 48,523 25,037 12,212 119,222 204,994 FY Average 132,907 7,492 46,913 25,185 12,434 121,894 206,425 F Y 1 2 -1 3 Quarter 1 132,551 8,850 49,529 25,485 14,122 117,367 206,504 Quarter 2 132,463 8,968 50,192 24,973 12,392 117,047 204,604 Quarter 3 120,994 8,913 50,687 25,232 12,586 116,053 204,558 Quarter 4 115,900 9,232 51,139 26,040 13,238 115,764 206,181 FY Average 125,477 8,991 50,387 25,433 13,085 116,558 205,462 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 60 Table 5B. Quarterly Analysis of the Welfare-to-Work Population FY 2007-08 through FY 2015-16 (continued) Welfare-to-Work Cases Fiscal Year Exempt Safety Net Sanctions Non- Compliance Good Cause Unduplicated Total1 F Y 1 3 -1 4 Quarter 1 107,973 9,034 51,750 24,866 14,191 113,737 204,544 Quarter 2 100,680 6,659 52,895 26,741 13,407 116,328 209,371 Quarter 3 96,460 2,885 57,377 27,590 14,799 119,759 219,525 Quarter 4 92,166 2,914 61,529 27,768 15,841 123,453 228,591 FY Average 99,320 5,373 55,888 26,741 14,560 118,319 215,508 F Y 1 4 -1 5 Quarter 1 87,546 3,154 62,563 27,683 17,110 123,575 230,930 Quarter 2 84,534 3,275 59,607 28,203 16,534 123,105 227,448 Quarter 3 82,526 2,691 59,580 28,456 15,948 119,261 223,245 Quarter 4 82,848 2,835 58,781 29,130 16,822 120,272 225,005 FY Average 84,364 2,989 60,133 28,368 16,604 121,553 226,657 F Y 1 5 -1 6 2 Quarter 1 79,836 2,991 59,397 28,125 16,993 120,367 224,881 Quarter 2 N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A Quarter 3 N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A Quarter 4 N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A FY Average N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A Data Sources: WTW 25 and WTW 25A Notes: 1Does not include Exempt or Safety Net. 2Data from WTW 25 and 25A is not currently updated for FY 2015-16 quarters 2, 3 and 4. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG291.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG292.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 61 Table 5C. CalWORKs Welfare-to-Work Education Activities CalWORKs provides temporary cash assistance to meet basic needs of families, while also providing education, employment and training programs to assist the family’s move toward self- sufficiency. To comply with program requirements, an adult in a one-parent assistance unit must participate, on a monthly basis, in an average number of activity hours per week based on the composition of the assistance unit. Education as a welfare-to-work activity is an option to welfare-to-work program participants in many forms. To assist in these activities, participants are provided with reimbursement for required and related expenses, such as books and lab fees. Included below are descriptions of various welfare-to-work education activities which are available to program participants. Activity Description Adult Basic Education Instruction in reading, writing, arithmetic, high school proficiency, or general educational development certificate instruction, and English- as-a-second- language. Job Skills Training Directly Related to Employment Training or education for job skills required by an employer to provide an individual with the ability to obtain employment or to advance or adapt to the changing demands of the workplace. Vocational Education and Training College and community college education, adult education, regional occupational centers, and regional occupational programs. Satisfactory Progress in Secondary School\/Certificate Program Achieving satisfactory progress in secondary school or in a course of study leading to a certificate of general educational development. Education Directly Related to Employment Any education or training which is directly related to employment of the participant. Work Experience Training under the close supervision of the activity provider, that helps provide basic job skills, enhance existing job skills, or provide a needed community service that leads to employment. Community Service Training that is temporary and transitional, performed in the public or private nonprofit sector under the close supervision of the activity provider, and provides basic job skills that can lead to employment while meeting a community need. On-The-Job Training Training that is given to a paid participant while the participant is engaged in productive work. The employer is subsidized to offset training costs. This activity may also include paid classroom instruction as required by the participant’s employer. Grant-Based On-The-Job Training This activity includes a funding mechanism in which the recipient’s cash grant, or a portion thereof, or the grant savings resulting from employment, is diverted to the employer as a wage subsidy to offset the wages to the participant, so long as the total amount diverted does not exceed the family’s maximum aid payment. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 62 Education and Training The WTW 24MTC provides expanded opportunities for engagement of CalWORKs recipients in education and training leading to academic degrees and certificates. January 2017 data from the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office indicate: \uf0b7 A 44 percent increase in the total number of degrees and certificates awarded to CalWORKs recipients in the 2015-16 academic year compared with the 2011-12 academic year, the last full academic year prior to SB 1041 implementation. \uf0b7 47 percent more total Associate degrees earned by CalWORKs recipients in the 2015- 16 academic year compared with the 2011-12 academic year, the last full academic year prior to SB 1041 implementation. \uf0b7 A 64 percent increase in Associate of Science degrees, and a 39 percent increase in Associate of Arts degrees earned by CalWORKs recipients in the 2015-16 academic year compared with the 2011-12 academic year, the last full academic year prior to SB 1041 implementation. Table 5D. Number of Community College Degrees, Certificates, and Awards CalWORKs Recipients Received: 2009-2016 Type of Degree\/Certificate 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Associate of Arts Degree 1,600 1,751 2,041 2,084 2,178 2,232 2,428 Associate of Science Degree 780 900 980 1,127 1,232 1,355 1,477 Certificate 60+ units 66 42 52 30 34 46 29 Certificate 30-59 units 615 705 786 1,019 950 1,024 1,195 Certificate 18-29 units 560 568 646 672 761 732 628 Certificate 6-17 units 561 642 552 515 573 641 547 Certificate <6 units 81 85 58 114 56 56 54 Non-credit awards 127 165 297 293 402 470 654 Total 4,390 4,858 5,412 5,854 6,186 6,556 7,012 Data Source: California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office (January 2017) Note: One individual may have received more than one degree, certificate or award in a given year. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 63 Table 5E. Average Monthly Percent of Exemptions Granted to WTW Adults: FFYs 2007-2015 Some people are unable to participate in welfare-to-work (WTW) activities. They may receive an exemption from required participation in WTW and remain on cash aid. This table displays the average monthly percent of exemptions, by type, granted to WTW adults from Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2007 to FFY 2015. FFY 2007 FFY 2008 FFY 2009 FFY 2010 FFY 2011 FFY 2012 FFY 2013 FFY 2014 FFY 2015 Percent of WTW Adults with one of the following Exemptions 25.8% 27.3% 26.1% 46.9% 58.7% 64.7% 58.2% 42.4% 32.0% Reason for Exemption FFY 2007 FFY 2008 FFY 2009 FFY 2010 FFY 2011 FFY 2012 FFY 2013 FFY 2014 FFY 2015 Provide Care for Young Children1 N\/A N\/A 9.3% 39.6% 39.9% 39.4% 32.2% 8.1% 0.1% Child 0-23 Months of Age2 N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A N\/A 4.9% 25.6% 33.3% 1st and 2nd Exemption for Child3 34.0% 32.8% 26.2% 13.0% 12.9% 13.5% 14.7% 17.5% 18.8% Disabled 29.0% 27.0% 30.3% 16.6% 15.7% 15.7% 17.4% 21.5% 25.2% Caring for Ill or Incapacitated4 9.8% 9.4% 14.4% 20.0% 21.4% 20.8% 19.6% 17.6% 13.7% Cal-Learn, Under 16 Years Old, or Child Attending School 9.9% 10.2% 9.9% 5.3% 5.1% 5.2% 4.6% 4.3% 3.9% Pregnant and Cannot Work 14.0% 17.7% 6.3% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.9% 2.4% 2.5% 60 Years of Age or Older 2.3% 2.1% 2.7% 2.0% 1.3% 0.9% 1.5% 1.3% 1.5% Non-Parent Caretaker Providing Care 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 1.3% 1.6% 2.5% 2.4% 0.9% 0.4% Indian Country or Full Time VISTA Volunteer 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% Total5 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Data Sources:WTW 25\/25A and WDTIP November 2016 Notes: 1Short-term young child exemption available to a parent or caretaker relative who has primary responsibility for providing care to one child who is 12 months through 23 months of age or at least two children who are under six years of age. This exemption was being phased out as cases were re-engaged for WTW or re-evaluated for other qualifying exemptions. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG291.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG292.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 64 2New young child exemption created by SB 1041 for a parent or caretaker relative who has primary responsibility for providing care to one child from birth through 23 months of age. 3These exemptions are available to the parent or other caretaker relative of a child under six months of age and under three months of age, respectively. 4Due to a delay in automation, CalWIN used the caring for ill or incapacitated exemption code as a proxy for the \"Provide Care to Young Children\" exemption. Therefore, the ill or incapacitated exemption code is overstated in FY 2009 and FY 2010. 5The total includes duplicate adults, as an adult may receive more than one type of exemption. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 65 Table 5F. Welfare-to-Work (WTW) 24-Month Time Clock Exemptions\/Good Cause The table below provides information regarding WTW 24-Month Time Clock exemptions and good cause for not participating, and shows what affect each has on the CalWORKs 48-Month Time Limit. Exemption Description WTW 24-Month Time Clock Exemption? CalWORKs 48- Month Time Limit Exemption? Under 16 Years of Age Client is under 16 years of age. Yes N\/A1 Child Attending School Client is 16, 17, or 18 years of age and is attending a school in grade twelve or below, or vocational, or technical school on a full-time basis. Yes N\/A1 Cal-Learn Non-Head of Household Client is receiving aid in their parent's assistance unit, and is eligible for, participating in, or exempt from the Cal-Learn program. Yes Yes Cal-Learn Head of Household Client is receiving aid in his or her own assistance unit, and is eligible for, participating, or exempt from the Cal-Learn program. Yes Yes 60 Years of Age or Older Client who reaches age 60 or older. Yes Yes Client Disability Client has medical verification of a physical and\/or mental disability expected to last at least 30 days and it significantly impairs the individual's ability to be employed or participate in WTW activities.2 Yes Yes Needy Non-Parent Caretaker Relative Client is a Non-Parent caretaker relative who has primary responsibility for caring for a child who is either a dependent, ward of the court, receiving Kin-GAP benefits or at risk for placement in foster care. These caretaking responsibilities must impair his\/her ability to be employed or to participate in WTW activities. Yes Yes Caring for Ill or Incapacitated Member of Household Client is caring for an ill or incapacitated person residing in the home, has medical verification that the illness or incapacity is expected to last at least 30 days, and caretaking responsibility impairs the clients ability to be regularly employed or to participate in WTW activities. Yes Yes Pregnant and Cannot Work or Participate in WTW Activities Client is a woman who is pregnant with medical verification that the pregnancy impairs her ability to be regularly employed or participate in WTW activities, or the county determines that participation will not readily lead to employment or that a training activity is not appropriate. Yes No California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 66 Table 5F. Welfare-to-Work (WTW) 24-Month Time Clock Exemptions\/Good Cause (continued) Exemption Description WTW 24-Month Time Clock Exemption? CalWORKs 48- Month Time Limit Exemption? Child 0-23 Months of Age Client has primary responsibility for personally providing care to a child from birth to 23 months, inclusive. This exemption shall be available in addition to any other child related exemption outlined below. An individual may be exempt only once in a lifetime under this exemption. Yes Yes Exemption for Child Six Months of Age or Younger Client is caring for a child six months of age or younger. County may lower age to 12 weeks, or extend the age to one year depending on availability of child care and\/or job opportunities. An individual may be exempt only once in a lifetime under this exemption. Yes No Subsequent Exemption for Child 12 Weeks of Age or Younger Subsequent Exemption: Client is caring for a child 12 weeks of age or younger. County may extend the age to six months depending on availability of child care and job opportunities. This exemption is available for parents who have previously received the exemption for care of a child six months of age or younger. Yes No VISTA Volunteer Client is a full-time volunteer in the Volunteers in Services to America (VISTA) Program Yes No Domestic Abuse Client is a past or present victim of domestic abuse. Yes Yes Good Cause Client has good cause for not participating in WTW. Yes No Notes: 1The CalWORKs 48-Month Time Limit does not apply to this population. 2This may include pregnancy if the Client Disability criteria are found to apply. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 67 Participation in Work or Work-Related Activities to Comply with the TANF Work Participation Rate Policy The following table illustrates the participation level of CalWORKs clients in federally required work or work-like activities. Federal regulations require all work-eligible adults and minor heads of households receiving TANF assistance to participate in federally allowable welfare-to-work activities for a specified number of hours per week. Required hours of participation are a minimum average of 20, 30, or 35 hours per week in the month, depending on the number of Work-Eligible Individuals and the age(s) of the aided child or children in the home. Participating cases are meeting the average hourly participation requirements. Cases with some participation, but less than the required average number of hours per week are characterized as Partially Participating. Cases with no participation are the Not participating population, which includes adults with a WTW sanction, exemption from WTW, or good cause for non-participation. For the purposes of calculating the federal work participation rate, only those cases fully meeting participation requirements are counted. No credit is given for partial participation. The trends in participation of CalWORKs cases with individuals required to participate in federally required welfare-to-work activities from FFY 2008 to FFY 2015 are detailed below. The data illustrate a general trend that paralleled the recent recession, with an increase in total caseload and all participation categories that peaked in FFY 2011 (or in FFY 2012, for the not participating group) and then began a general decline. From FFY 2008 to FFY 2015 the percentage of CalWORKs cases fully meeting the federally required participation level increased (by 11 percentage points), while the percentage of those CalWORKs cases partially meeting the required participation level declined slightly (a three percentage point decline) and the percentage of those CalWORKs cases with individuals required to participate, but not participating, declined (by seven percentage points). In absolute terms, the total number of CalWORKs cases with individuals required to participate in federally required welfare-to-work activities decreased from FFY 2008 to FFY 2015 by 16,009, from 279,288 to 263,279. The number of CalWORKs cases with individuals required to participate in work or work related activities fully meeting the required participation level increased by 24,656, from 70,334 in FFY 2008 to 94,990 in FFY 2015. The number of those cases partially participating declined by 12,413, from 47,298 in FFY 2008 to 34,885 in FFY 2015, and the number of those cases not participating decreased by 28,252 during the period from 161,656 to 133,404. As noted in chapter 1, safety net and fleeing felon cases were moved out in 2014 and 2015. This move out accounts for some of the changes shown in Table 5G. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 68 Table 5G. Participation in Work or Work-Related Activities (TANF cases only): FFYs 2008-2015 Participation Level FFY 2008 FFY 2009 FFY 2010 FFY 2011 FFY 2012 FFY 2013 FFY 2014 FFY 2015 Participating 70,334 86,487 89,155 102,514 99,026 89,083 93,877 94,990 Partially Participating 47,298 58,944 52,675 61,658 53,797 54,018 43,706 34,885 Not Participating 161,656 179,813 192,345 205,734 205,791 200,132 178,794 133,404 Total Required to Participate 279,288 325,244 334,175 369,906 358,614 343,233 316,377 263,279 Data Source: Administration for Children and Families (ACF) and RADEP Notes: The share of cases participating does not match Table 5I, California's TANF Work Participation Rate, because this table does not include WINS cases, which are displayed in Table 6C. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 69 Work Participation Rate Compliance \uf0b7 A state participating in the federal TANF program must meet an overall WPR equal to 50 percent of all families. There is a separate 90 percent WPR requirement for two-parent families. Families with a federally defined 'work-eligible individual' are included in the overall WPR; families with two or more work-eligible individuals are subject to the two-parent WPR calculation. \uf0b7 Failure to achieve the WPR requirements results in a penalty equal to an initial five percent reduction of the federal TANF block grant ($3.7 billion). For each successive year of non-compliance, the penalty increases by up to two percent to a maximum of 21 percent. \uf0b7 Although California was originally assessed total potential penalties of approximately $1.8 billion, successful corrective compliance plans (CCPs) have already eliminated $0.6 billion of this exposure, and are likely to eliminate a further $1.1 billion. An exposure of approximately $139 million, related to two-parent penalties, remains. Table 5H. Summary of WPR Assessed Penalties and Compliance Status Table 5H provides a summary of California's current WPR penalty status, including the penalty year (FFY), assessed penalty amount, the rates failed, the target compliance year, and the estimated revised remaining penalty amount after accounting for actual and likely CCP completion. A state that fails to meet the required WPR in a given year may reduce or eliminate a federal noncompliance penalty by achieving compliance in a future target year specified in a CCP (see section below). As explained above, states are required to meet two distinct WPRs, an overall rate (50%), and a separate WPR for two-parent families (90%). Table 5H illustrates which of the rate(s) the state failed in the respective year. California WPR Penalty Status Rates Failed FFY Assessed Penalty (in millions) Overall Two-Parent Target Compliance Year Estimated Revised Penalty Exposure2 2008 $47.7 X 2015 $0.0 2009 $113.6 X 2015 $0.0 2010 $179.7 X 2015 $0.0 2011 $246.1 X 2016 $0.0 2012 $312.0 X X 2016 $17.5 2013 $377.9 X X 2016 $23.1 2014 $443.8 X X 2017 $31.1 2015 $92.7 X 20181 $67.0 Total $1,813.4 $138.7 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 70 Note: 1A Corrective Compliance Plan (CCP) for the FFY 2015 two-parent penalty has not been submitted to ACF, 2018 is the earliest possible compliance year. 2Compliance with the overall rate in FFY 2015 has been officially confirmed, compliance for the overall rate in FFY 2016 is preliminarily confirmed, and compliance for the overall rate in FFY 2017 has not been determined but is assumed in this calculation. Status of Corrective Compliance Plans California has submitted seven separate CCPs to the federal Administration for Children and Families (ACF) to reduce or eliminate federal penalties for WPR noncompliance. If the state achieves WPR compliance in the target compliance year, penalties associated with that CCP are cleared. \uf0b7 The first three CCPs were submitted to and accepted by ACF in 2014 to respond to penalties assessed for WPR noncompliance in Federal Fiscal Years (FFYs) 2008 through 2010. These three CCPs stipulate FFY 2015 as the target compliance year to reduce or eliminate these penalties. California achieved overall WPR compliance in FFY 2015, which eliminated these penalties totaling approximately $341 million. \uf0b7 The fourth and fifth CCPs were submitted to and accepted by ACF in 2015 to respond to penalties assessed for noncompliance in FFYs 2011 and 2012. These CCPs named FFY 2016 as the target compliance year, however, the FFY 2011 penalty of $246 million was eliminated early, due to the state achieving compliance with the overall WPR in 2015. The FFY 2012 penalty of $312 million is contingent on compliance in FFY 2016. \uf0b7 The sixth CCP was submitted to and accepted by ACF in 2016 to respond to the $378 million penalty for WPR noncompliance in FFY 2013. This CCP also sets FFY 2016 as the target compliance year. \uf0b7 The seventh CCP was submitted to and accepted by ACF in 2016 to respond to the approximately $444 million penalty for WPR noncompliance for FFY 2014. This CCP establishes FFY 2017 as the target compliance year. \uf0b7 Preliminary data indicate California will achieve compliance for the overall WPR in FFY 2016, which, if accurate, would reduce or eliminate the noncompliance penalties for FFYs 2012 and 2013 of $690 million. \uf0b7 Due primarily to the expiration of Caseload Reduction Credits for the two-parent WPR, California has failed the 90 percent two-parent WPR requirement beginning in FFY 2012 and this trend is projected to continue into the near future. Estimated adjusted penalties related to the two-parent rate are shown in Table 5H. \uf0b7 The state has been assessed a penalty of approximately $93 million for failure to achieve the two-parent WPR in FFY 2015. The state submitted a dispute of this penalty amount in January 2017. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 71 Table 5I. California's TANF Work Participation Rate (WPR) History: FFYs 1997-2016 Table 5I displays California's 59.4 percent preliminary WPR for FFY 2016 and also provides a historical look at California's WPR from FFY 1997 through FFY 2016 (WPRs for 2016 are preliminary). FFYs 1997 2006 (Pre-Deficit Reduction Act) All Families WPR FFY 1997 1998 1999 20001 20011 20021 20031 20041 20051 20061 Required Rate 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% Caseload Reduction Credit 5.5% 12.2% 26.5% 32.1% 39.0% 43.3% 44.2% 46.1% 45.5% 44.9% State Adjusted Required WPR 19.5% 17.8% 8.5% 7.9% 6.0% 6.7% 5.8% 3.9% 4.5% 5.1% California's WPR 29.7% 36.6% 42.2% 27.5% 25.9% 27.3% 24.0% 23.1% 25.9% 22.2% Two-Parent WPR FFY 1997 1998 1999 20001 20011 20021 20031 20041 20051 20061 Required Rate 75.0% 75.0% 90.0% NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Caseload Reduction Credit 34.2% 42.3% 53.1% State Adjusted Required WPR 40.8% 32.7% 36.9% California's WPR 42.3% 36.2% 54.3% California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 5 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 72 Table 5I. California's TANF Work Participation Rate (WPR) History: FFYs 1997-2016 (continued) FFYs 1997 2016 (Post-Deficit Reduction Act) All Families WPR FFY 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20153 20164 Required Rate 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% Caseload Reduction Credit 17.7% 21.0% 21.0%2 21.0%2 21.0%2 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% State Adjusted Required WPR 32.3% 29.0% 29.0% 29.0% 29.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% California's WPR 22.3% 25.1% 26.8% 26.2% 27.8% 27.2% 25.1% 29.8% 55.7% 59.4% Two-Parent WPR FFY 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20153 20164 Required Rate 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% Caseload Reduction Credit 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%2 90.0%2 90.0%2 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% State Adjusted Required WPR 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% California's WPR 31.7% 26.5% 28.6% 35.6% 33.9% 30.8% 30.9% 25.5% 61.4% 68.6% Data Source: Quality Control Information System 5 (Q5i) (from 1997 through 2006) and RADEP (from 2007 to present) Notes: 1From FFY 2000 - FFY 2006, California moved two-parent cases to Separate State Program Maintenance of Effort (SSP-MOE) funding, which removed them from the WPR calculation requirements. No two-parent participation rates were published by the federal Administration for Children & Families (ACF). Starting in 2007, California again started calculating WPR for its two-parent case type, as per requirements of the federal Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. This act required that SSP-MOE funded programs be subject to TANF WPR requirements. 2Due to the American Recovery and Investment Act of 2009 (ARRA), states can receive the Caseload Reduction Credit (CRC) from either 2007 or 2008, whichever is most beneficial to the state, for WPR calculation from 2008 to 2011. For California, the caseload reduction credit for 2008 provides the most benefit to the state's WPR. 3Elimination of move-out groups from the reportable CalWORKs population and implementation of the WINS program in 2014 explains most of the increase in the WPR from 2014 to 2015. 4Preliminary WPRs as of December 2016, pending final determination by ACF. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 73 Chapter 6 Recent Program Changes and Outcomes This chapter describes the most significant recent changes in the CalWORKs program. Specifically, it provides updates on the impact of many of these recent program changes, including the number of completed OCAT interviews and the resulting recommendations for services, an increase in county participation in Expanded Subsidized Employment programs, and a 24-Month Time Clock caseload update, among others. CalWORKs underwent a number of modifications as a result of shifting state priorities and budget reductions during the Great Recession, an economic downturn that resulted in increased unemployment and a higher CalWORKs caseload. Between 2009 and 2012, California, like other states, made difficult choices in its TANF program to cope with economic realities, including reduced funding for supportive services and child care. Beginning in 2012, CalWORKs experienced a significant alteration including the creation and implementation of new programs to assist counties with appraisal and assessment of recipient needs, additional services addressing family stabilization and homelessness, and expansion of subsidized employment opportunities. Many of the recent program changes can be understood as evolving from Senate Bill (SB)1041 (Chapter 47, Statutes of 2012) and Assembly Bill (AB) 74 (Chapter 21, Statutes of 2013). These changes were geared toward engaging CalWORKs clients earlier and more extensively and eliminating some of the most prevalent obstacles to long-term self-sufficiency. SB 1041 changes also included aligning welfare-to-work participation with federal requirements and providing more emphasis on flexibility with respect to allowable activities for a cumulative 24 months of welfare-to-work participation. Tables and Figures in This Chapter Figure 6A. WTW 24-Month Time Clock Update (SB 1041): FY 2016-17 ................................ 76 Table 6A. CalWORKs Family Stabilization Status Report: FY 2015-16 .................................. 79 Figure 6B. Subsidized Employment Caseload: 2013-2016 ..................................................... 80 Table 6B. Welfare-To-Work Annual Earnings by County: One Year After Exit, FFY 2014 ..... 82 Table 6C. WINS Issuances: FFYs 2015-2016 ........................................................................ 84 Table 6D. OCAT Appraisals by Month: FY 2015-16 ............................................................... 85 Table 6E. OCAT Tool Structure and Recommendations......................................................... 86 Table 6F. Cal-Learn Average Monthly Participation and Outcomes: FY 2012-13 through FY 2015-16 ................................................................................................................................... 89 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 74 Welfare-to-Work 24-Month Time Clock and Post-24-Month Time Clock Overview Senate Bill 1041 (Chapter 47, Statutes of 2012) established the Welfare-to-Work 24-Month Time Clock (WTW 24MTC), and implementation was scheduled for January 1, 2013. The first cohort of CalWORKs recipients could have reached the end of the WTW 24MTC in January 2015. The WTW 24-Month Time Clock is a prospective 24-month time limit for non-exempt able- bodied adults to receive a wide array of services and supports to enter and remaining the workforce. After the WTW 24MTC expires, clients are expected to meet federal work participation requirements. Other key elements: \uf0b7 More opportunities for education or barrier removal; \uf0b7 The clock stops for a multitude of reasons, including when a client has good cause for not participating; \uf0b7 Recognizing that some adults will not find employment within 24 months, counties will provide 20 percent of the caseload with additional time to complete educational goals or find a job; \uf0b7 Prior to the end of the 24 months, clients receive a series of notices and appointments to develop a new WTW plan designed to meet federal standards; and \uf0b7 Clients who do not receive an extension or are unable to meet federal requirements face the possibility of losing the adult portion of the family's grant. Current data indicates that the vast majority of CalWORKs recipients subject to the WTW 24MTC have months remaining on their clocks. However, it appears that the number of CalWORKs recipients who will have months tick and\/or exhaust their WTW 24MTC will increase in the next 12 months. Update \uf0b7 As shown in Figure 6A. on the following page, a monthly average of 1,460 cases in FY 2016-17 and 4,120 cases in FY 2017-18 will reach the end of their WTW 24-MTC. \uf0b7 After accounting for cases with clock stoppers and the flow of those that will have months un-ticked from their clock (lagged by 3 months), a monthly average of 1,040 cases in FY 2016-17 and 3,230 cases in FY 2017-18 are expected to utilize all 24 months. \uf0b7 Of the cases that utilize their entire WTW 24-MTC, 20 percent will receive an extension and 36 percent will begin meeting work requirements. The remaining 44 percent will enter the noncompliance process and have an adult(s) removed from aid. It is California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 75 anticipated that 430 average monthly cases will be removed from aid in FY 2016-17 and 740 will be removed from aid in FY 2017-18. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 76 Figure 6A. WTW 24-Month Time Clock Update (SB 1041): FY 2016-17 Preliminary WTW 24-Month Time Clock Impact Estimate Caseload Flow Chart for FY 2016-17 . Cases at the End of the 24-MTC in applicable FY 1 Average Monthly Cases: FY 2016-17: 1,460 FY 2017-18: 4,120 Cases with a Clock Stopper 2 Cases that Continue Through 24- MTC Cases With Time Un- ticked Cycle Back Through Cases That Will Have Months Un-ticked From 24- MTC 3 On average 3 months will be un-ticked Cases with Adult(s) Removed From Aid Average Monthly Cases: FY 2016-17: 430 FY 2017-18: 740 Meet Participation Requirements After Four Months of Grant Reduction 6 Remaining cases Meet Participation Requirements or Leave CalWORKs Assistance after 10 months 7 Cases That Receive an Extension 5 Cases That Begin Meeting Work Requirements 4 Cases that Will Utilize All 24-Months Average Monthly Cases: FY 2016-17: 1,040 FY 2017-18: 3,230 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 77 Caseload displayed represents cases as opposed to adults. The FY 2016-17 and FY 2017-18 caseloads represent the average monthly cumulative caseload in the applicable FY. Data Sources: July 2016 24-MTC data from the September 2016 WDTIP, MEDS Quarter 3 2016, and FFY 2015 RADEP Notes: 1Cases at the end of their WTW 24-MTC are reduced by the overall CalWORKs caseload projection, adjusted to account for cases that will reach the end of their 48-month time clock prior to receiving a grant reduction. 2Based on WDTIP data, 7 percent of cases at the end of their 24-MTC are meeting work participation requirements and 10 percent have an exemption. The 24-MTC stops for these cases. 3It is assumed that 32 percent of cases at the end of their 24-MTC will have months un-ticked and on average 3 months will be un- ticked. This assumption is based on following cohorts of CalWORKs clients in WDTIP from January 2016 to July 2016. 4Based on FFY 2015 work participation data, 36 percent of cases that utilize their WTW clock are expected to begin meeting federal participation requirements. 5Twenty percent of cases that utilize their entire 24-MTC are expected to receive an extension. 6Assumes that 10 percent of the cases that receive a grant reduction will begin meeting participation requirements and have their grant restored after four months of a grant reduction. 7After ten months of a grant reduction, it is assumes that cases will either leave CalWORKs assistance or begin meeting participation requirements and have their grant restored after then months of a grant reduction. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 78 Family Stabilization (FS) Program Family Stabilization Program Overview \uf0b7 To increase recipient success during the flexible WTW 24-MTC period. The Family Stabilization (FS) program is designed to provide a basic level of stability for families in crisis including but not limited to: o Intensive case management; and o Barrier removal services. \uf0b7 Recipients have a Stabilization Plan with no minimum hourly participation requirements, and up to six months of WTW 24MTC stopping is available (if good cause is determined). Budget Information \uf0b7 $10.8 million allocated for FY 2013-14; \uf0b7 $29.7 million allocated for FY 2014-15; \uf0b7 $29.8 million allocated for FY 2015-16; and \uf0b7 $37.6 million appropriated for FY 2016-17. Implementation \uf0b7 Counties submitted FS plans to the CDSS outlining what their FS program will include. Counties were given flexibility to determine the services that are provided and individual program components in order to best meet the needs of each county and the recipients the county serves; and \uf0b7 All county FS plans are posted on the CDSS website at: http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/cdssweb\/PG94.htm. Program Data \uf0b7 2,833 FS cases were open in June 2016; \uf0b7 3,982 individuals received domestic abuse services, mental health services, substance abuse services, and\/or other services in June 2016; and \uf0b7 903 cases received homeless support\/services in June 2016. Outcomes and Promising Practices \uf0b7 A county survey taken in August 2015 showed that: o 34 counties caseworkers meet with FS recipients weekly; o 37 counties report spending at least three or more hours a month with FS recipients; o 44 counties report that the average length of time in FS is between three and six months; and o 45 counties report that in general recipients are able to remedy their crisis through FS services. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/cdssweb\/PG94.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 79 Table 6A. CalWORKs Family Stabilization Status Report: FY 2015-16 CalWORKs Family Stabilization (FS) Status Report1 Fiscal Year 2015-16 (July 2015 vs. June 2016 comparison) July 2015 June 2016 Participation 2,307 2,833 Open FS cases. 1,246 1,443 FS cases active in FS only. 240 295 FS cases that transitioned to a WTW plan. 821 1,095 FS cases that participated concurrently in WTW activities. 770 763 FS cases that received good cause. Services 2,148 2,560 Total adults who received services. 854 1,422 Total children who received services. 509 584 Domestic Abuse 1,256 1,488 Mental Health 218 397 Substance Abuse 1,405 1,919 Other 2 Housing Support\/Services 726 903 Total Homeless services provided. 4,114 5,291 Total FS services provided. Notes: 1Data retrieved from the FSP 14. Cases and individuals captured based on the monthly totals from July 2015 and June 2016. Service totals are not an unduplicated count. The numbers in the chart above have been updated to reflect the most current data. 2Examples of additional types of Other FS services provided by individual counties. Anger Management Collaboration with child welfare Disability or skill assessments\/testing Clothing allowances for children Family Crisis Counseling Financial Planning Financial Training Classes Legal Services Life skills workshops Literacy Mentoring Nutrition education Next Skills Training Parenting Classes Expanded supportive services Vocational assistance California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 80 Expanded Subsidized Employment (ESE) Program Overview The ESE program fully or partially subsidizes the wages of CalWORKs recipients for six months to a year. While in an ESE placement the CalWORKs recipient obtains specific skills and experiences relevant for employment in a particular field, with the goal of obtaining permanent unsubsidized employment with the participating employer. County Welfare Departments (CWDs) partner with employers, nonprofits, and local public agencies to match recipients with jobs. The Assembly Bill (AB) 98 Subsidized Employment Program became inoperative effective July 1, 2016. The CWDs will be able to operate subsidized employment programs through Single Allocation funds or ESE. Effective July 2016, CWDs were instructed to report all subsidized employment data to the monthly ESE data report regardless of whether the participant began under the AB 98 or ESE program. Figure 6B. Subsidized Employment Caseload: 2013-2016 Data Source: Participant data is based on monthly county transmissions. Notes: *July September 2014 data includes estimations to account for ESE data not reported from Los Angeles County for that period. **AB98 program was discontinued and participants were consolidated into ESE reporting effective July 2016. - 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 P a rt ic ip a n ts Figure 6B. Statewide Subsidized Employment Monthly Participant Caseload: 2013-2016 Combined Total Subsidized Employment (AB98) Expanded Subsidized Employment (ESE) California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 81 ESE Program Highlights As of December 2016, 51 counties are participating. All counties are eligible to receive funding to expand current or develop new subsidized employment programs. \uf0b7 The majority of the ESE placements earn between $9.00 and $13.00 per hour. \uf0b7 The participants typically work an average of 30 hours per week. Yearly total of CalWORKs recipients that entered subsidized employment represented by an unduplicated count in the month they were first reported in the ESE program. This number is higher than those in Figure 6B on the previous page since participants enter and exit the program at various times. \uf0b7 Fiscal Year 2013-14 .1,771 new participants. \uf0b7 Fiscal Year 2014-15 .7,798 new participants. \uf0b7 Fiscal Year 2015-16 .8,265 new participants. For Fiscal Year 2015-16 there were 2,168 new participants entering into AB 98. With the elimination of AB 98 it is anticipated those participants will be captured in the ESE participants total for Fiscal Year 2016-17. There is an average total monthly participation count in both the AB 98 and ESE Program of over 4,700 participants. The following are earnings of CalWORKs recipients before and after the subsidy.1 This is based on a cohort of 1,689 ESE participants who entered ESE in July, August or September of 2015 and had employer reported income in the following quarters: Before-ESE Median Quarterly Income (April June 2015) ........$1,497 During ESE Median Quarterly Income (October December 2015) .$3,307 During ESE Median Quarterly Income (January March 2016) $3,448 Post-ESE Median Quarterly Income (April June 2016) .......$3,834 Note: 1Quarterly earnings may not include earnings for each month in the quarter. This is particularly true for the quarter before entering subsidized employment. Data source: Employment Development Department. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 82 Post-Aid Earnings This table shows the adult median earnings by county one year after their exit from CalWORKs, including the total number of adults who exited the program in FFY 2014. Table 6B. Welfare-To-Work Annual Earnings by County: One Year After Exit, FFY 2014 County Median Earnings Exits Statewide $15,328 63,265 Alameda $17,275 2,240 Alpine $9,903 2 Amador $12,388 63 Butte $13,199 439 Calaveras $14,241 96 Colusa $12,047 34 Contra Costa $17,832 1,380 Del Norte $16,124 70 El Dorado $12,787 209 Fresno $14,631 2,808 Glenn $13,970 55 Humboldt $11,765 205 Imperial $11,352 647 Inyo $7,970 26 Kern $12,063 2,204 Kings $13,661 405 Lake $11,655 138 Lassen $16,548 80 Los Angeles $16,499 14,459 Madera $13,363 339 Marin $17,195 109 Mariposa $13,145 30 Mendocino $13,573 203 Merced $13,896 988 Modoc $11,460 19 Mono $14,020 8 Monterey $14,777 725 Napa $15,337 109 Nevada $13,894 149 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 83 Table 6B. Welfare-To-Work Annual Earnings by County: One Year After Exit, FFY 2014 (continued) County Median Earnings Exits from WTW Orange $17,158 2,281 Placer $17,380 358 Plumas $9,226 42 Riverside $14,568 4,797 Sacramento $16,592 3,915 San Benito $12,049 141 San Bernardino $14,567 6,318 San Diego $14,801 3,936 San Francisco $18,334 604 San Joaquin $14,577 2,137 San Luis Obispo $15,721 315 San Mateo $16,713 320 Santa Barbara $15,823 532 Santa Clara $16,991 1,660 Santa Cruz $16,603 251 Shasta $13,097 478 Sierra $14,246 7 Siskiyou $11,568 129 Solano $17,399 905 Sonoma $15,702 412 Stanislaus $13,709 1,668 Sutter $12,952 241 Tehama $14,815 208 Trinity $12,516 27 Tulare $15,373 1,793 Tuolumne $12,497 145 Ventura $15,883 859 Yolo $13,711 323 Yuba $11,854 224 Data Sources: MEDS 2015 Quarter 4, EDD Base Wage Database 2015 Quarter 3, WDTIP February 2016 Notes 1. Welfare-To-Work(WTW) Exit Population: Aided adults leaving CalWORKS during FFY 2014, having at least 3 months of prior WTW participation. Leavers exited for at least 1 year without returning to CalWORKS. 2. Exits Counted: Adults with at least $50 in reported EDD earnings after exit. Adults missing EDD wages, Safety Net, and Sanctioned adults excluded. There were 35,278 adults missing EDD wages, and 9,792 Safety Net adults excluded from the WTW exit population. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 84 Work Incentive Nutritional Supplement (WINS) \uf0b7 The WINS program provides a monthly ten dollar ($10) additional food supplement benefit for CalFresh households that are meeting TANF WPR requirements. WINS cases are receiving CalFresh but are not on CalWORKs; and \uf0b7 This food benefit is considered a form of TANF assistance, which means these working CalFresh\/WINS cases are included in the state's TANF WPR calculation; however, TANF rules, such as time limits, do not apply to WINS cases. Table 6C. WINS Issuances: FFYs 2015-2016 Total WINS Cases Includes Both CF and CFAP WINS Issuances from EBT: FFYs 2015-2016 Month Total For The Month Jul-15 184,404 Aug-15 187,284 Sep-15 200,433 Oct-15 199,675 Nov-15 201,243 Dec-15 197,547 Jan-16 195,649 Feb-16 192,454 Mar-16 179,250 Apr-16 188,302 May-16 185,312 Jun-16 186,417 Jul-16 185,049 Aug-16 186,032 Sep-16 188,281 Data source: Office of Systems Integration (OSI) California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 85 Online CalWORKs Appraisal Tool (OCAT) OCAT Overview \uf0b7 Standardized statewide welfare-to-work appraisal tool. OCAT is based on the publicly available Online Work Readiness Assessment Tool (OWRA) utilized by the federal Administration for Children and Families. \uf0b7 Provides in-depth appraisals of recipient strengths and barriers to employment and self- sufficiency. \uf0b7 Online CalWORKs OCAT appraisals are projected to take an hour to an hour and a half. This timeframe depends on the amount of barriers the recipient discloses during the interview. \uf0b7 Use of OCAT to conduct appraisals will lead to greater opportunities for CalWORKs recipients by identifying strengths and barriers immediately upon his or her entry into the welfare-to-work program. Implementation Between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016, 73,444 appraisals had been completed with recommendations for supportive services. Of that total, 54,273 clients appraised were not working at the time of appraisal, while 10,130 were enrolled in an education program. Most recommendations were for mental health services. \uf0b7 Mental health service recommendations: .36,442 \uf0b7 Substance abuse services recommendations: ..5,967 \uf0b7 Domestic abuse services recommendations: ..18,401 Source: December 2016 OCAT program data. Table 6D. OCAT Appraisals by Month: FY 2015-16 Month Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun # of OCAT Appraisals 1,316 2,977 5,208 6,494 6,420 7,408 6,949 6,562 6,999 10,017 6,345 6,823 Data Source: OCAT Helpdesk Technical Assistance Reports California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 86 Table 6E. OCAT Tool Structure and Recommendations Tool Structure and Recommendations OCAT begins with a refresher of the recipient's demographic information and proceeds through a questionnaire that generates a set of recommendations based on the recipient's answers to questions (Table 6E). OCAT Section Information Collected & Recommendations Produced Demographics Collects basic information on the recipient. This section's recommendations include: \uf0d8 Financial assistance\/education Employment Collects information on the recipient's job history, skills, and work readiness. This section's recommendations include: \uf0d8 Assessment for education and\/or job search\/readiness activities depending on recipient's employment history \uf0d8 Legal services for recipients who have legal barriers to employment, including family stabilization Education Collects information on the recipient's schooling, and additional training he or she may have received. Also contains California's learning needs screening. This section's recommendations include: \uf0d8 High school or General Education (GED) programs \uf0d8 Evaluating for a Self-Initiated Program \uf0d8 Learning Disability Evaluation and learning needs health related concerns Housing Collects information on recipient's current housing situation and examines whether the recipient has housing difficulties. This section's recommendations include: \uf0d8 Homelessness, housing stability, and Housing Support Program assistance if applicable to the county. \uf0d8 Family Stabilization services Transportation Collects information about the recipient's current transportation methods, and whether they would present a barrier to participation. This section's recommendations include: \uf0d8 Providing supportive services for transportation needs General Health Briefly examines whether a recipient has concerns about his or her own health or health of a family member that would present a barrier to participation. This section's recommendations include: \uf0d8 Evaluation for potential exemptions (disability, caring for an ill or incapacitated household member, etc.) California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 87 Table 6E. OCAT Tool Structure and Recommendations (continued) OCAT Section Information Collected & Recommendations Produced Emotional and Mental Health Collects information about a recipient's emotional and mental wellbeing. This section's recommendations include: \uf0d8 Evaluation for mental health services, including Family Stabilization Related job readiness activities Substance Use Collects information about a recipient's substance use. This section's recommendations include: \uf0d8 Evaluation for substance abuse services, including Family Stabilization Related job readiness activities Domestic Abuse & Safety Collects information about whether a recipient is a past or present victim of domestic abuse, human trafficking, and other related safety concerns. This section's recommendations include: \uf0d8 Evaluation for domestic abuse services and program waivers \uf0d8 Referrals to family counseling, appropriate mental health services, and Family Stabilization Evaluation for trafficking\/crime victims' assistance Pregnancy Collects information on whether the recipient or a household member is pregnant. This section's recommendations include: Evaluation for pregnancy related exemption Childcare and Parenting Collects information on whether additional child care support and\/or services are needed by the recipient in order to participate. This section's recommendations include: \uf0d8 Child care supportive services \uf0d8 Child support order modification services Evaluation for exemption based on providing care for an ill or incapacitated household member (child) Relationships Collects information on whether the recipient's current or past relationships may pose a barrier to participation. This section's recommendations include: Relationship counseling and\/or family stabilization services California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 88 The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Background \uf0b7 WIOA replaced the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 effective July 1, 2015; \uf0b7 TANF programs are mandatory partners with America's Job Centers of CaliforniaSM (AJCCs; (formerly One-Stops); \uf0b7 Prioritizes service to populations with barriers to employment, including public assistance recipients; and \uf0b7 Emphasizes career pathways with no sequence of services, primarily utilizing: o education, o credentials, o work-based training, o barrier removal, and o supportive services. WIOA State Plan Effective July 1, 2016 \uf0b7 Describes core WIOA programs and partnerships with CalWORKs and Community Colleges; and \uf0b7 Discusses co-location of CalWORKs services in AJCCs. Approved Career Pathways \uf0b7 Deemed to meet the hourly requirements for CalWORKs Minimum Standards; and \uf0b7 Approved by CWDs in partnership with Local Workforce Development Boards. Cost Sharing Memorandums of Understanding \uf0b7 Developed by Local Workforce Development Boards and CalWORKs programs; \uf0b7 Establish funding for infrastructure and career services; and \uf0b7 June 30, 2017: Deadline for submittal to California Workforce Development Board. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 89 Cal-Learn Program Cal-Learn was established in 1993 as a mandatory statewide program for pregnant and parenting teens in families participating in CalWORKs. The Cal-Learn program provides the resources to help teens graduate from high school or its equivalent, become independent, and form healthy families. Cal-Learn uses a combination of intensive case management, financial incentives, and supportive services\u2014including child care, transportation and ancillary expenses, such as books, school supplies--to address the unique educational, health and other social service needs of CalWORKs pregnant and parenting teens. Table 6E covers four years, from fiscal year (FY) 2012-13 to FY 2015-16 and displays a decline in the Cal-Learn caseload during that timeframe. This decline corresponds with the historic decline in both teen pregnancy and teen child-bearing. Table 6F. Cal-Learn Average Monthly Participation and Outcomes: FY 2012-13 through FY 2015-16 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Total Monthly Participants 9,272 7,735 6,411 5,198 Satisfactory Progress Bonuses 389 400 329 242 Graduation Bonuses 130 107 88 78 Sanctions 306 164 190 172 Exemptions, Deferrals, and Good Cause1 72 38 37 25 Repeat Pregnancies\/ Subsequent Births2 643 48 28 16 Data Source: STAT 45 monthly reports Notes: Data for FY 2012-13 through 2014-15 is revised from the CalWORKs Annual Summary, January 2016. 1Good Cause data collected beginning in July 2011 through March 2013. 2Repeat Pregnancies category and definition changed to Subsequent Births in June 2014. 3Data collected for FY 2012-13 Repeat Pregnancies includes April through June 2013 only. Key Cal-Learn Outcomes: \uf0b7 Graduation bonuses remained consistent as a percent of the caseload over the four-year period; \uf0b7 Sanctions in FY 2013-14 were the lowest in four years at 2.1 percent, but have steadily increased to 3.3 percent by FY 2015-16; and \uf0b7 Repeat Pregnancies\/Subsequent Births continue to decline and are at the lowest point in FY 2015-16, both in number and as a percent of the caseload. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG290.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 6 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 90 THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 91 Chapter 7 Supportive Services This chapter displays the spectrum of supportive services CalWORKs families receive in addition to their cash aid, including food benefits via the CalFresh program and Medi-Cal coverage, and how these benefits are altered as families' earnings increase. Additionally, this chapter presents information about the number and type of supportive services provided to participants in the welfare-to-work program. Key Terms in This Chapter \uf0b7 Ancillary Expenses Participants may be eligible to receive ancillary expenses. This can include the cost of books, tools, clothing, fees, or other necessary costs specifically required for the job or training as assigned in the welfare-to-work plan. \uf0b7 Behavioral Health Services Services provided to CalWORKs clients in need include treatment for mental health, substance abuse, and domestic violence. \uf0b7 Child Care Access to quality child care is essential to the success of CalWORKs. Individuals enrolled in the welfare-to-work program are eligible to receive child care services. The CalWORKs Child Care Program is administered in three stages: Stage One is administered by the county welfare departments; Stages Two and Three are administered by Alternative Payment Program agencies under contract with the California Department of Education (CDE). \uf0b7 Transportation Services Transportation services for welfare-to-Work participants are often provided through payment by the county for public transportation or mileage reimbursement. Some counties provide alternative transportation services such as transportation vouchers, vehicle repair programs, commuter programs, and the purchase of motor vehicles or bicycles. Tables and Figures in This Chapter Table 7A. Average Number of Individuals Receiving Supportive Services July September 2015 All (Other) Families ......................................................................................................... 93 Table 7B. Average Number of Individuals Receiving Supportive Services July September 2015 Two-Parent Families ...................................................................................................... 95 Table 7C. Age, Provider Setting, and Time in Care for Stage One Children: FY 2015-16 .... 98 Table 7D. CalWORKs Stage One Child Care: FY 2006-07 through FY 2014-15 ................... 99 Figure 7A. Children in CalWORKs Stages One, Two, and Three Child Care Programs: 2006- 2015 ...................................................................................................................................... 101 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 92 Table 7E. Behavioral Health Services Referrals and Participation July September 2015 All (Other) Families ..................................................................................................................... 103 Table 7F. Behavioral Health Services Referrals and Participation July September 2015 Two-Parent Families ............................................................................................................. 105 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 93 Table 7A. Average Number of Individuals Receiving Supportive Services July September 2015 All (Other) Families The table below shows the average number of individuals receiving CalWORKs supportive services in each county for the first quarter of Fiscal Year 2015-16. Child Care Transportation Ancillary Svcs. Statewide 24,475 49,068 11,296 Alameda 1,247 1,747 260 Alpine 0 1 0 Amador 21 15 9 Butte 175 129 24 Calaveras 21 47 4 Colusa 2 2 0 Contra Costa 270 617 145 Del Norte 31 73 58 El Dorado 50 36 12 Fresno 940 1,579 463 Glenn 17 14 19 Humboldt 63 158 39 Imperial 228 423 44 Inyo 15 1 0 Kern 889 958 310 Kings 163 269 80 Lake 23 15 21 Lassen 22 0 0 Los Angeles 7,274 15,144 3,734 Madera 71 51 22 Marin 92 107 6 Mariposa 10 19 4 Mendocino 50 48 51 Merced 193 338 113 Modoc 2 6 2 Mono 1 0 2 Monterey 245 490 128 Napa 31 41 16 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 94 Table 7A. Average Number of Individuals Receiving Supportive Services (continued) Child Care Transportation Ancillary Svcs. Nevada 28 66 24 Orange 871 1,238 322 Placer 204 226 56 Plumas 9 1 0 Riverside 2,184 3,891 1,109 Sacramento 498 2,897 260 San Benito 44 26 21 San Bernardino 3,195 8,296 1,397 San Diego 1,565 3,498 702 San Francisco 476 482 88 San Joaquin 457 810 292 San Luis Obispo 120 66 114 San Mateo 124 109 24 Santa Barbara 145 136 104 Santa Clara 371 1,298 162 Santa Cruz 271 301 64 Shasta 132 138 70 Sierra 6 6 1 Siskiyou 28 27 22 Solano 253 353 88 Sonoma 145 365 102 Stanislaus 267 692 220 Sutter 96 97 31 Tehama 39 51 23 Trinity 3 9 8 Tulare 67 1,034 286 Tuolumne 8 26 3 Ventura 479 211 47 Yolo 156 111 36 Yuba 88 279 54 Data sources: Welfare to Work Monthly Activity Report (WTW 25) and Child Care Monthly Report (CW 115) for the months of July, August and September 2015 (averaged). http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG291.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG288.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 95 Table 7B. Average Number of Individuals Receiving Supportive Services July September 2015 Two-Parent Families The table below shows the average number of individuals receiving CalWORKs supportive services in each county for the first quarter of Fiscal Year 2015-16. Child Care Transportation Ancillary Svcs. Statewide 1,720 16,994 3,854 Alameda 55 351 44 Alpine 0 0 0 Amador 2 7 4 Butte 28 61 19 Calaveras 2 23 4 Colusa 0 0 0 Contra Costa 0 114 25 Del Norte 6 14 23 El Dorado 2 7 6 Fresno 69 818 246 Glenn 3 10 4 Humboldt 7 70 17 Imperial 20 114 18 Inyo 3 0 0 Kern 31 309 111 Kings 26 108 27 Lake 2 6 10 Lassen 3 0 0 Los Angeles 356 3,560 969 Madera 8 21 8 Marin 5 15 4 Mariposa 0 12 2 Mendocino 4 14 20 Merced 26 154 54 Modoc 0 6 1 Mono 0 0 0 Monterey 14 148 43 Napa 1 7 3 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 96 Table 7B. Average Number of Individuals Receiving Supportive Services (continued) Child Care Transportation Ancillary Svcs. Nevada 4 18 7 Orange 54 362 89 Placer 11 63 10 Plumas 0 0 0 Riverside 141 1,555 399 Sacramento 93 1,785 221 San Benito 4 9 6 San Bernardino 192 3,302 522 San Diego 230 1,841 346 San Francisco 29 83 18 San Joaquin 38 249 99 San Luis Obispo 2 8 10 San Mateo 6 21 4 Santa Barbara 15 34 33 Santa Clara 21 334 40 Santa Cruz 20 59 13 Shasta 13 55 25 Sierra 1 1 0 Siskiyou 4 19 17 Solano 16 82 29 Sonoma 5 61 20 Stanislaus 20 339 95 Sutter 14 61 21 Tehama 7 25 14 Trinity 1 7 11 Tulare 5 377 86 Tuolumne 0 14 3 Ventura 53 38 9 Yolo 34 50 18 Yuba 14 193 27 Data sources: WTW 25A and CW 115A for the months of July, August and September 2015 (averaged) http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG292.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG289.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 97 Child Care Resources for CalWORKs Participants To ensure an adequate supply of child care resources to CalWORKs recipients and those transitioning off welfare to work, AB 1542 eliminated seven former welfare-related child care programs and consolidated them into a three-stage CalWORKs child care program. The purpose of this program is to help a family transition smoothly from the immediate, short-term child care needed as a parent starts work or work activities to the stable, long-term child care necessary for the family to leave and remain off aid. The CalWORKs Child Care Program is administered in three stages. Stage One is administered by the California Department of Social Services through the county welfare departments (CWDs), and it provides child care subsidies until the CWD determines the family is stable. Stages Two and Three are administered by the California Department of Education (CDE) through contracts with Alternative Payment Program (APP) agencies. \uf0b7 Stage One begins with a family's entry into the CalWORKs program. Clients leave Stage One after six months or when their situation is stable, and when there is a slot available in Stage Two or Three; \uf0b7 Stage Two begins after six months or after a recipient's work or work activity has stabilized, or when the family is transitioning off of aid. Clients may continue to receive child care in Stage Two up to two years after they are no longer eligible for aid; and \uf0b7 Stage Three begins when a funded space is available and when the client has acquired the 24 months of child care, after transitioning off of aid (for former CalWORKs recipients). If the persons are receiving CalWORKs cash aid and are in one of the following situations, they could be eligible for child care benefits: 1. They are working; 2. They are attending a county welfare department-approved education or training program; 3. They are teens participating in Cal-Learn; 4. They choose to refuse a cash aid payment and accept diversion services; or 5. They have been receiving cash assistance and have transitioned off but need child care to retain employment. Participants are required to verify employment, child care costs, and hours and dates of employment or educational\/training activities. There are certain age limits for children under 12. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 98 Characteristics of Stage One Child Care Cases The following table shows the ages of children, child care settings, and time spent in care (full or part time) for children in Stage One Child Care. Stage One begins with a family's entry into the CalWORKs program. Clients leave Stage One after six months or when their situation is stable, and when there is a slot available in Stage Two or Three. Table 7C. Age, Provider Setting, and Time in Care for Stage One Children: FY 2015-16 % of Children in Stage One Age of Child 0-24 Months 16% 2-5 Years 49% 6 Years and Older 35% Child Care Setting License-Exempt 45% Child Care Centers 30% Family Child Care Homes 25% Time in Care1 Full Time 61% Part Time 39% Data Source: Age of Child and Child Care Setting characteristics based on FY 2015-16 CW 115\/115A reports. The CalWORKs Information Network (CalWIN) data includes only seven of their eighteen counties. Note: 1Time in Care characteristics reflect the Calendar Year January 2014 through December 2014 Statewide Automated Welfare System (SAWS) Consortia data. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 99 Table 7D. CalWORKs Stage One Child Care: FY 2006-07 through FY 2014-15 The following table shows trends in Stage One Child Care participation from FY 2006-07 to FY 2014-15. Children in Licensed Care1 Children in Licensed- Exempt Care Children in Aided Families Children in Safety Net Families Children in No Longer Aided Families Total Children Total Families Stage 1 Budgeting Utiliz. Rate2 Stage 1&2 Budgeting Utiliz. Rate2 F Y 0 6 -0 7 Quarter 1 22,333 33,950 43,250 2,827 9,189 55,265 30,729 22% 33% Quarter 2 23,035 32,892 43,054 2,405 9,557 55,017 30,810 22% 32% Quarter 3 22,200 30,702 39,827 2,267 10,057 52,151 29,344 20% 31% Quarter 4 22,524 31,567 41,078 2,345 9,849 53,272 30,026 20% 30% Monthly Avg. 22,523 32,278 41,802 2,461 9,663 53,926 30,227 21% 31% F Y 0 7 -0 8 Quarter 1 22,649 33,612 42,710 2,213 10,505 55,428 30,639 21% 29% Quarter 2 23,727 35,107 45,025 2,118 10,779 57,922 32,484 22% 29% Quarter 3 23,796 34,587 43,932 2,128 11,460 57,520 32,244 20% 28% Quarter 4 26,995 37,165 47,096 2,371 13,805 63,273 35,423 21% 28% Monthly Avg. 24,292 35,118 44,691 2,208 11,637 58,536 32,697 21% 29% F Y 0 8 -0 9 Quarter 1 26,918 37,179 47,409 2,329 13,501 63,239 34,983 20% 26% Quarter 2 26,226 36,585 48,489 1,981 11,453 61,924 35,056 21% 26% Quarter 3 23,731 34,375 46,094 1,749 9,491 57,334 32,590 19% 24% Quarter 4 23,375 34,821 47,807 1,513 8,132 57,452 33,001 19% 24% Monthly Avg. 25,063 35,740 47,450 1,893 10,644 59,987 33,908 20% 25% F Y 0 9 -1 0 Quarter 1 21,381 33,715 45,684 1,294 7,409 54,387 30,754 18% 24% Quarter 2 20,828 33,558 45,457 1,077 7,079 53,612 30,957 18% 24% Quarter 3 18,113 29,678 39,621 880 6,646 47,146 27,605 16% 23% Quarter 4 18,866 29,951 40,369 797 7,003 48,169 28,742 18% 24% Monthly Avg. 19,797 31,725 42,783 1,012 7,034 50,829 29,515 17% 24% F Y 1 0 -1 1 Quarter 1 17,799 28,581 37,484 766 7,182 45,433 26,846 16% 23% Quarter 2 17,275 26,927 37,218 675 5,689 43,582 26,297 16% 23% Quarter 3 17,157 24,918 36,097 582 4,871 41,550 25,198 16% 22% Quarter 4 18,515 26,855 39,306 541 4,905 44,752 27,530 17% 23% Monthly Avg. 17,687 26,820 37,526 641 5,662 43,829 26,468 16% 23% California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 100 Table 7D. CalWORKs Stage One Child Care: FY 2006-07 through FY 2014-15 (continued) Children in Licensed Care1 Children in Licensed- Exempt Care Children in Aided Families Children in Safety Net Families Children in No Longer Aided Families Total Children Total Families Stage 1 Budgeting Utiliz. Rate2 Stage 1&2 Budgeting Utiliz. Rate2 F Y 1 1 -1 2 Quarter 1 17,212 24,221 33,913 990 5,803 40,707 24,707 17% 24% Quarter 2 17,162 22,561 32,992 617 5,525 39,134 24,482 17% 25% Quarter 3 16,286 19,374 29,447 371 5,431 35,249 22,123 15% 23% Quarter 4 17,161 19,539 30,494 323 5,448 36,264 23,016 16% 24% Monthly Avg. 16,955 21,424 31,711 575 5,552 37,838 23,582 16% 24% F Y 1 2 -1 3 Quarter 1 16,470 18,247 28,965 280 5,055 34,300 21,211 15% 23% Quarter 2 17,355 18,922 30,464 284 5,080 35,828 22,445 16% 24% Quarter 3 16,470 18,247 28,965 280 5,055 34,300 20,906 15% 23% Quarter 4 17,701 18,374 30,459 248 4,983 35,690 22,279 16% 24% Monthly Avg. 16,999 18,448 29,713 273 5,044 35,030 21,710 16% 23% F Y 1 3 -1 4 Quarter 1 16,933 18,309 29,420 233 5,093 34,746 20,871 16% 23% Quarter 2 17,880 19,182 31,538 215 4,856 36,609 22,287 17% 24% Quarter 3 17,163 17,604 29,833 241 4,318 34,391 20,905 15% 22% Quarter 4 18,987 18,889 32,623 229 4,593 37,444 22,734 16% 23% Monthly Avg. 17,741 18,496 30,853 229 4,715 35,798 21,699 16% 23% F Y 1 4 -1 5 3 Quarter 1 18,589 18,961 32,158 219 4,778 37,155 21,715 15% 23% Quarter 2 19,733 19,234 32,995 252 5,280 38,527 23,054 16% 23% Quarter 3 18,717 18,036 30,700 252 5,434 36,386 21,674 15% 23% Quarter 4 19,806 18,273 31,970 257 5,463 37,690 22,518 16% 23% Monthly Avg. 19,211 18,626 31,956 245 5,239 37,440 22,240 16% 23% Data Sources: CDSS CW 115\/115A Monthly Reports, CDSS WTW 25 and WTW 25A Monthly Reports, and California Department of Education 801A Archived Data. See CDSS website for links to monthly reports: http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/ Notes: 1The sum of \"Children in Licensed Care\" and \"Children in Licensed-Exempt Care\" will not equal \"Total Children\" because children can be served by more than one provider. 2The \"Budgeting Utilization Rate\" is a representation of the CalWORKs caseload and is not specific to the portion of the population with age-eligible children. This rate compares the number of CalWORKs aided families receiving Stage One or Stage Two subsidized care to the number of Unduplicated Adults on the WTW 25\/25A report to provide a rough estimate of how many WTW families are using Stage One or Stage Two care. 3Data from WTW 25 and WTW 25A is not currently updated. In comparison to the Budgeting Utilization rate, the utilization rate for Stage One and Two families with age-eligible children was 30 percent in FY 2014-15. This is not adjusted for cases that do not need care, for example, school-aged children who do not need care due to school schedule or two-parent families in which the one parent is participating while the second parent is expected to provide care. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG276.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG291.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG292.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/ California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 101 Figure 7A. Children in CalWORKs Stages One, Two, and Three Child Care Programs: 2006-2015 10,000 35,000 60,000 85,000 110,000 135,000 160,000 185,000 210,000 235,000 Children in CalWORKs Stages 1, 2, and 3 Child Care Programs Total - Stages 1, 2 and 3 Combined Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 3 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 102 Data Sources: Stage 1 - CDSS CW 115\/115A Monthly Reports (actual data revised to produce missing variables). Stage 2 & 3 - California Department of Education Quarterly Reports, http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/ http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/ California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 103 Table 7E. Behavioral Health Services Referrals and Participation July September 2015 All (Other) Families The following table shows the average number of individuals referred to and receiving CalWORKs services in each of the following categories WTW 25 Mental Health Treatment Substance Abuse Treatment Domestic Abuse Treatment Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Statewide 3,964 5,459 1,119 1,245 2,827 3,145 Alameda 62 140 0 79 173 249 Alpine 0 1 0 0 0 0 Amador 4 2 0 0 0 0 Butte 18 40 9 7 6 3 Calaveras 0 4 1 6 0 1 Colusa 0 0 0 0 0 0 Contra Costa 143 52 34 9 839 30 Del Norte 442 1 297 0 256 0 El Dorado 7 11 8 7 0 0 Fresno 46 126 46 91 14 26 Glenn 11 21 2 1 1 7 Humboldt 65 62 14 14 7 5 Imperial 13 84 2 5 13 7 Inyo 0 1 0 0 0 0 Kern 178 118 27 27 22 13 Kings 107 75 7 8 4 6 Lake 16 18 7 7 3 2 Lassen 0 0 0 0 0 0 Los Angeles 987 2,585 186 315 1,175 2,435 Madera 23 4 8 0 2 0 Marin 27 33 7 7 4 4 Mariposa 1 1 0 0 1 1 Mendocino 14 4 6 10 9 3 Merced 62 70 11 12 1 0 Modoc 0 0 0 0 0 1 Mono 2 2 0 1 0 0 Monterey 123 97 9 12 11 6 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 104 Table 7E. Behavioral Health Services Referrals and Participation (continued) WTW 25 Mental Health Treatment Substance Abuse Treatment Domestic Abuse Treatment Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Napa 8 6 5 3 3 1 Nevada 0 0 0 0 1 1 Orange 321 339 0 20 55 88 Placer 19 34 11 14 4 7 Plumas 1 0 0 0 0 0 Riverside 149 149 26 15 6 8 Sacramento 11 37 1 16 4 8 San Benito 0 0 0 0 0 0 San Bernardino 106 71 24 19 42 33 San Diego 178 141 130 132 19 8 San Francisco 18 47 1 2 0 0 San Joaquin 25 5 1 3 0 0 San Luis Obispo 9 11 7 3 4 7 San Mateo 5 4 1 2 1 1 Santa Barbara 12 14 2 1 0 0 Santa Clara 91 246 36 148 0 44 Santa Cruz 30 34 11 16 0 4 Shasta 65 61 11 6 2 2 Sierra 0 0 0 0 0 0 Siskiyou 7 5 0 0 0 1 Solano 24 49 1 6 6 8 Sonoma 49 68 21 40 5 5 Stanislaus 110 51 87 53 77 32 Sutter 11 33 4 20 0 5 Tehama 35 35 14 10 22 15 Trinity 4 4 1 2 4 3 Tulare 148 328 10 49 20 56 Tuolumne 6 1 1 1 0 2 Ventura 74 56 18 22 4 4 Yolo 26 38 2 15 0 0 Yuba 71 40 12 9 7 3 Data Source: Quarterly CalWORKs Report July September 2015 Note: 1. Referrals and average participants are summed because an individual will only be reported once for an evaluation referral, but can participate over several months. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG298.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 105 Table 7F. Behavioral Health Services Referrals and Participation July September 2015 Two-Parent Families The following table shows the average number of individuals referred to and receiving CalWORKs services in each of the following categories. WTW 25A Mental Health Treatment Substance Abuse Treatment Domestic Abuse Treatment Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Statewide 970 873 383 251 374 115 Alameda 8 19 0 11 24 34 Alpine 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amador 1 2 1 2 0 0 Butte 6 14 1 0 1 0 Calaveras 2 3 0 2 0 0 Colusa 0 0 0 0 0 0 Contra Costa 37 9 8 2 217 0 Del Norte 234 0 183 0 51 0 El Dorado 0 0 2 1 0 0 Fresno 6 31 11 25 0 2 Glenn 3 8 0 0 0 0 Humboldt 12 13 0 1 1 1 Imperial 1 41 0 4 0 2 Inyo 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kern 48 30 6 4 2 1 Kings 22 10 1 1 3 1 Lake 2 3 4 2 0 1 Lassen 0 0 0 0 0 0 Los Angeles 89 227 14 24 36 49 Madera 7 2 3 0 2 1 Marin 1 5 0 0 0 0 Mariposa 0 2 0 1 0 0 Mendocino 1 0 0 1 2 0 Merced 29 25 10 8 1 1 Modoc 3 0 0 0 0 0 Mono 0 0 0 0 0 0 Monterey 14 10 6 4 2 1 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 7 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 106 Table 7F. Behavioral Health Services Referrals and Participation (continued) WTW 25A Mental Health Treatment Substance Abuse Treatment Domestic Abuse Treatment Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Total No. of Individuals that Received a Referral for an Evaluation in the Quarter. Average No. of Individuals participating in Services per Month. Napa 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nevada 0 0 0 0 0 0 Orange 107 113 0 7 1 1 Placer 0 8 0 3 0 0 Plumas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Riverside 23 25 6 5 1 0 Sacramento 8 7 0 0 0 1 San Benito 0 0 0 0 0 0 San Bernardino 36 21 12 9 4 1 San Diego 29 21 18 16 2 0 San Francisco 0 1 0 0 0 0 San Joaquin 6 2 0 0 2 0 San Luis Obispo 3 2 1 1 0 0 San Mateo 1 1 0 0 0 0 Santa Barbara 1 1 0 0 0 0 Santa Clara 30 81 13 49 0 1 Santa Cruz 5 4 4 6 0 0 Shasta 28 20 2 4 0 0 Sierra 0 0 0 1 0 0 Siskiyou 3 5 2 0 0 0 Solano 9 8 0 2 0 0 Sonoma 6 8 2 5 0 1 Stanislaus 34 16 42 18 13 5 Sutter 1 7 1 8 0 0 Tehama 14 8 6 4 4 1 Trinity 3 2 1 1 0 0 Tulare 62 38 5 6 2 7 Tuolumne 3 0 0 1 1 0 Ventura 9 2 4 3 1 3 Yolo 4 3 2 4 0 0 Yuba 19 15 12 5 1 0 Data source: Quarterly CalWORKs Report July September 2015 Note: 1. We sum referrals and average participants because an individual will only be reported once for an evaluation referral, but an individual can participate over several months. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG298.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 107 Chapter 8 Poverty Measures and Poverty Rates One of the main goals of CalWORKs is to reduce child poverty. Knowing how poverty is defined and measured is essential to understanding the program's design and impact. This chapter surveys the context for the CalWORKs program from a poverty perspective, including the following topics: \uf0b7 The level of poverty in California and the U.S.; \uf0b7 How the official poverty measure (OPM) and supplemental poverty measure (SPM) are calculated; \uf0b7 Why the SPM finds a higher poverty level in California than the OPM; \uf0b7 A comparison of the share of poor children that is served by the TANF program in California and in the United States as a whole; and \uf0b7 How the total value of benefits from safety net programs compares to the poverty level for CalWORKs families with different levels of earnings. Data about CalWORKs and poverty show that California provides assistance to many more of its poor children than does the nation as a whole: more than 55 percent, compared to just 16 percent for the entire nation.1 Key Terms in This Chapter Official Poverty Measure (OPM) The most common poverty measure, the OPM was developed by the Social Security Administration in the 1960s.2 A simple tool based on a family's food budget, the OPM helps policymakers and the public understand the economic status of various segments of the population and study changes in economic well-being over time. It is widely used as a benchmark to determine eligibility for various government welfare programs. If a family's total income falls below the relevant poverty threshold (which varies by family size and composition but not by geographic region), the family as well as all family members are considered to be in poverty. The income in OPM includes cash income (before tax), and excludes noncash in-kind transfers such as food stamps and housing subsidies. Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) More recently, the SPM has been proposed as a better way to learn about who is poor. The SPM accounts for income from certain government 1 U.S. Census Bureau; Administration for Children and Families (ACF). 2 Gordon M. Fisher, The Development and History of the Poverty Thresholds (Social Security Administration, 1992). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/fisheronpoverty.html. https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/history\/fisheronpoverty.html California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 108 benefits (such as food stamps), tax credits, and for necessary expenses such as taxes, medical out-of-pocket costs, child care, and shelter expenses that are not in the official poverty measure. The threshold is adjusted by family size, composition, geographic region, and housing status (whether a family is renting, owns with a mortgage, or owns without a mortgage). Tables and Figures in This Chapter Table 8A. Official Poverty Rate and California's Ranking: 2011-2015 .................................. 109 Table 8B. Comparison of the Official and Supplemental Poverty Measures ......................... 110 Table 8C. Comparison of the OPM and SPM in California and the U.S.: 2010-2012 to 2013-15 .............................................................................................................................................. 111 Figure 8A. Children in TANF as a Percentage of Children in Poverty: California and the U.S., 2002 - 2015 ........................................................................................................................... 112 Table 8D. Child Poverty Rates and Share of Poor Children in TANF, California and the U.S.: 2002 to 2015 ......................................................................................................................... 113 Table 8E. Monthly Benefit Values for a CalWORKs Family of Three in Region One: One Aided Adult and Two Aided Children ..................................................................................... 116 Figure 8B. Monthly Resources Available to a Family of Three (One Adult and Two Children) .............................................................................................................................................. 117 Figure 8C. CalWORKs Benefit and Resource Model 2016: Cases with No Earnings and with Median Earnings ................................................................................................................... 118 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 109 California's Poverty Rate and National Ranking According to the Official Poverty Measure (OPM), 13.9 percent of all Californians and 19.5 percent of California's children lived in poverty in 2015 (Table 8A). The corresponding figures for the U.S. as a whole were 13.5 percent and 19.7 percent, respectively. California's poverty rates have dropped by approximately three percentage point since 2011, partly as a result of an improving economy. The State ranks 18th in the nation for overall poverty rate and 20th for child poverty. Table 8A. Official Poverty Rate and California's Ranking: 2011-2015 OPM Poverty Rate and California's Ranking Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Overall Poverty Rate 16.9% (10th highest) 15.9% (16th highest) 14.9% (18th highest) 15.8% (17th highest) 13.9% (18th highest) Child Poverty Rate 24.3% (11th highest) 22.5% (19th highest) 20.3% (18th highest) 22.9% (17th highest) 19.5% (20th highest) Source: Bernadette D. Proctor, Jessica L. Semega, and Melissa A. Kollar, Income and Poverty in the United States, Current Population Reports P602-252 (U.S. Census Bureau, September 2016). Data are from the Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement. 2015 data retrieved from http:\/\/census.gov\/data\/tables\/time-series\/demo\/income-poverty\/cps-pov\/pov-46.html Measuring Poverty with the OPM and SPM The OPM and SPM are fundamentally different ways of understanding poverty (Table 8B). The OPM assumes that food costs consume one-third of a family's budget and defines poverty levels in relation to food prices, adjusted annually for inflation; the SPM considers the cost of basic needs for families (food, clothing, shelter, and utilities) and use the value between the bottom and middle thirds of the all families as its threshold. Major Differences between the OPM and SPM Who is counted? The OPM defines a family as individuals related by birth, marriage, or adoption. In contrast, the broader definition of the SPM resource unit includes individuals related by birth, marriage or adoption, as well as cohabitating partners and foster children. As a result, the number of people whose poverty status can be determined is larger for the SPM than for the OPM. What is income ? The OPM counts pre-tax cash income. The SPM considers post-tax cash income (including tax credits) plus any in-kind benefits such as nutritional assistance and then subtracts several categories of expenses from income. How are poverty lines adjusted over time and between groups? The OPM adjusts for inflation using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for All Goods and calculates poverty lines by http:\/\/census.gov\/data\/tables\/time-series\/demo\/income-poverty\/cps-pov\/pov-46.html California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 110 family size and age of family members. The SPM is revised to reflect rising levels and standards of living (for example, for variation in family\/individual expenses\/costs, with adjustment for geographic differences in prices across the states\/geographic areas). Do housing costs matter? Housing costs are not considered in calculating the OPM, but are in the SPM. Table 8B. Comparison of the Official and Supplemental Poverty Measures Component OPM SPM Units of Analysis (1) Families and (2) unrelated individuals (1) Families\/cohabiting partners\/foster children and (2) unrelated individuals Income Pre-tax cash income and cash transfers (e.g., unemployment compensation, child support) After-tax cash income plus certain in- kind transfers, less certain expenses Expenses N\/A Subtracts medical, child care and work-related expenses (including transportation) from income Calculating the Poverty Line Three times the economy food plan of the 1960s, updated annually for inflation The mean of the 30th to 36th percentile of expenditures on food, clothing, shelter and utilities (FCSU) of consumer units with two children, multiplied by 1.2 to account for other \"key\" spending Adjustments for Family Size and Composition Family size, composition and age of householder Broader definition of family that includes unmarried partners, foster children, and unrelated children under 15; family size and composition Adjustments for Housing Costs N\/A Geographic adjustment for housing costs Updating Poverty Thresholds CPI Five-year moving average of expenditures for FCSU Source: Based on Trudi Renwick and Liana Fox, The Supplemental Poverty Measure: 2015, Current Population Reports P60-254 (U.S. Census Bureau, September 2015). http:\/\/www.census.gov\/content\/census\/en\/library\/publications\/2016\/demo\/p60-258.html California Poverty Rates Based on the OPM and the SPM In September 2016, the U.S. Census Bureau released two sets of poverty data: rates using the OPM and rates using the SPM. Poverty in California was much higher as measured by the SPM than by the OPM: In 2013-15, for example, California's poverty rate was 20.6 percent according to the SPM and 15.0 percent using the OPM (Table 8C). For the U.S. as a whole, poverty rates were 0.6 percentage points higher using the SPM. http:\/\/www.census.gov\/content\/census\/en\/library\/publications\/2016\/demo\/p60-258.html California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 111 Table 8C. Comparison of the OPM and SPM in California and the U.S.: 2010-2012 to 2013-15 Official Poverty Measure Supplemental Poverty Measure 2010-2012 2011-2013 2013-2015 2010-2012 2011-2013 2013-2015 California 16.5% 16.0% 15.0% 23.8% 23.4% 20.6% United States 15.1% 14.9% 14.5% 16.0% 15.9% 15.1% Data Source: Based on Trudi Renwick and Liana Fox, The Supplemental Poverty Measure: 2015, Current Population Reports P60- 254 (U.S. Census Bureau, September 2015). http:\/\/www.census.gov\/content\/census\/en\/library\/publications\/2016\/demo\/p60- 258.html Note: Questions for income and health insurance coverage in the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) were changed starting in 2013, and the U.S. Census Bureau did not publish state-level three-year SPM estimates for 2012-14. Why is the SPM Higher than the OPM in California? Local Housing Costs: Unlike the OPM, the SPM accounts for regional variation in the cost of living. For the period 2013 to 2015, California was one of the ten states with the highest housing costs in the U.S. The SPM was higher than the OPM in all ten of those states.3 Given the relationship between housing costs and the SPM-OPM differential, it may not be surprising that the SPM is higher than the OPM in California. 3 Hawaii, New Jersey, Maryland, California, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, Alaska, and Virginia (U.S. Census Bureau, The Supplemental Poverty Measure: 2015; 2015American Community Survey 1-year Estimates of Median Monthly Housing Costs, Table B25105). http:\/\/www.census.gov\/content\/census\/en\/library\/publications\/2016\/demo\/p60-258.html http:\/\/www.census.gov\/content\/census\/en\/library\/publications\/2016\/demo\/p60-258.html California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 112 Figure 8A. Children in TANF as a Percentage of Children in Poverty: California and the U.S., 2002 - 2015 The share of California's children in poverty who receive TANF benefits has historically been much higher than the share in other states and the nation. In 2015, while the national percent of poor children receiving TANF was only 15.9 percent, California served 56.0 percent of its poor children more than three and a half times the national share. CalWORKs policies that strengthen support for children include providing aid to age 18 and continuing to provide aid when a parent's portion of aid is ended because of non- compliance with program rules. Data Sources: CA 237 CW, U.S. Census Bureau and Administration for Children and Families (ACF).. 57.0% 55.8% 54.6% 54.2% 53.7% 54.0% 49.6% 52.0% 49.1% 49.4% 52.1% 57.1% 50.1% 56.0% 33.9% 31.6% 30.4% 29.1% 26.9% 23.4% 21.7% 21.3% 20.9% 21.1% 20.5% 20.8% 19.0% 15.9% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Nation and California TANF Children As Percent of Children in Poverty California Nation http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG281.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 113 Table 8D. Child Poverty Rates and Share of Poor Children in TANF, California and the U.S.: 2002 to 2015 California U.S. Years Children on CalWORKs2 CA Children in Poverty CA Percent Children in Poverty CA Percent Poor Children in CalWORKs U.S. Children in TANF and SSP MOE U.S. Children in Poverty (1,000s) U.S. Percent Children in Poverty U.S. Percent Poor Children in TANF 2002 1,015,889 1,783,000 18.7% 57.0% 4,118,797 12,133 16.7% 33.9% 2003 980,664 1,757,000 18.7% 55.8% 4,062,665 12,866 17.6% 31.6% 2004 985,444 1,804,000 19.0% 54.6% 3,969,376 13,041 17.8% 30.4% 2005 964,567 1,781,000 18.6% 54.2% 3,758,077 12,896 17.6% 29.1% 2006 926,104 1,724,000 18.1% 53.7% 3,455,961 12,827 17.4% 26.9% 2007 905,148 1,677,000 17.9% 54.0% 3,119,519 13,324 18.0% 23.4% 2008 942,006 1,898,000 20.2% 49.6% 3,056,690 14,068 19.0% 21.7% 2009 1,030,033 1,981,000 21.0% 52.0% 3,294,392 15,451 20.7% 21.3% 2010 1,091,546 2,225,000 23.4% 49.1% 3,432,780 16,401 22.0% 20.9% 2011 1,116,997 2,260,000 24.3% 49.4% 3,409,383 16,134 21.9% 21.1% 2012 1,075,476 2,065,000 22.5% 52.1% 3,298,369 16,073 21.8% 20.5% 2013 1,052,104 1,843,000 20.3% 57.1% 3,049,590 14,659 21.8% 20.8% 2014 1,048,214 2,093,000 22.9% 50.1% 2,949,590 15,540 21.1% 19.0% 2015 996,8821 1,780,000 19.5% 56.0% 2,302,337 14,509 19.7% 15.9% Data Sources: CA CW 237, U.S. Census Bureau, and Administration for Children and Families (ACF) Note: 12015 value is the monthly average from January to September. 2The data source for California children on TANF was updated from ACF to CA 237 CW for this version of the CalWORKs Annual Summary. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG281.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 114 CalWORKs Benefit and Resource Model 2016 Background CalWORKs cash assistance is one of many program benefits that provide comprehensive support to families in need. When looking at the resources available to cash assistance families, it is important to recognize that many CalWORKs families also receive benefits from the following programs: \uf0b7 CalFresh; \uf0b7 Medi-Cal; \uf0b7 CalWORKs Child Care; \uf0b7 Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC); and \uf0b7 Child Tax Credit. The CalWORKs Benefit and Resource Model provides a snapshot of several of these benefits as a family's earnings gradually increase. CalWORKs grants vary by household size. The benefit model displays the interaction between monthly benefits and resources available to CalWORKs families with their earning levels for a family of three with one aided adult and two aided children.4 Earned income changes the benefit amounts of these programs and the total resources available for the family. The updated 2016 model adds three utility subsidy programs Low Income Heat and Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), California Alternate Rates for Energy (CARE), and LifeLine for telecommunication and wireless service assistance - programs that benefit many CalWORKs recipients. The model displays the poverty threshold under both the OPM and the SPM. Medi- Cal benefits and child care are not included as resources, as those two components are reflected as expenses instead of income in the SPM framework.5 The new Figure 8C displays information regarding the share of CalWORKs recipients who have no earnings and the share with earnings for at least one month in 2015, along with total monthly resources for those groups (assuming median monthly earnings for all recipients with any earnings in 2015). The Women, Infants and Children (WIC) health and nutrition program subsidy is not included because only approximately one-third of CalWORKs recipients receive this benefit.6 Housing subsidies are excluded because few CalWORKs families receive them (approximately 8.5 percent for FFY 2015 based on RADEP). 4 In July 2016, there were a total of 186,698 CalWORKs cases with one aided adult; 48,147, or 25.7 percent, had one aided adult and two aided children. (Data source: MEDS 2016 October.) 5 Based on the latest report by California Department of Health Care Services (May 2016), the average monthly costs of Medi-Cal for CalWORKs recipients is $218\/person. The average child care costs is $715.72\/month per child for FY 2016 -17, based on CDSS January 2017 Governor's Budget. 6 California Department of Public Health; Women, Infants & Children Program; Data Analysis, Research & Evaluation Section; accessed September 10, 2015. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 115 As noted above, the model reflects benefits and resources available to aided adults and children. Cases that include ineligible adults or children due to citizenship status would receive less. Data Sources This model was developed using the following data: \uf0b7 The CalWORKs grant is based on the non-exempt maximum aid payment for a family of three in high-cost counties (Region 1) as of October 1, 2016. The CalWORKs Earned Income Disregard (EID) policy allows families to exclude the first $225 of their income from the cash grant calculation, as well as 50 percent of all income above $225. \uf0b7 The CalFresh benefit is based on the maximum monthly allotments for Federal Fiscal Year 2017 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service. \uf0b7 The EITC and Child Tax Credits are displayed as monthly amounts, based on 2016 tax year information. However, most families that are eligible for the EITC and Child Tax Credits receive them as a lump-sum tax refund. \uf0b7 For a family with two children, the state EITC is 85 percent of the federal EITC up to earnings of $7,081 per year (approximately $590 per month). The state EITC begins to phase out at that point, while the federal EITC continues to phase in to earnings of $13,930 per year (approximately $1,161 per month). \uf0b7 The monthly National School Lunch Program benefit for one child is derived by dividing total price paid for 2014-15 school-year by 12, based on data from the California Department of Education and the Public Policy Institute of California.7 That number is multiplied by two (the number of children in the model's family type) and then by 71 percent, the estimated share of children in CalWORKs families who are school-age (MEDS October 2016). \uf0b7 The utility subsidy includes three programs: LIHEAP, CARE, and LifeLine. LIHEAP subsidy is calculated based on Program Year 2014 fact sheet; CARE subsidy is calculated by applying discount rates to median electricity and gas expense, based on the American Community Survey 2015 1-year estimate; LifeLine subsidy is based on the sum of state discount and federal discount. \uf0b7 Net earnings are after deductions for Social Security, Medicare and federal and state income tax. \uf0b7 The OPM threshold is from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services poverty guidelines for 2016. The SPM threshold is CDSS' calculation of the average threshold for California families of three with two children, using 2015 SPM research files from the U.S. Census Bureau. 7 Sarah Bohn, et al., The California Poverty Measure: A New Look at the Social Safety Net (Public Policy Institute of California, October 2013); http:\/\/www.ppic.org\/content\/pubs\/other\/1013SBR_appendix.pdf. http:\/\/www.ppic.org\/content\/pubs\/other\/1013SBR_appendix.pdf California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 116 Table 8E. Monthly Benefit Values for a CalWORKs Family of Three in Region One: One Aided Adult and Two Aided Children $0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 $1,400 $1,600 $1,800 Net Earnings After Taxes $0 $185 $369 $554 $739 $924 $1,108 $1,293 $1,478 $1,662 CalWORKs Grant $714 $714 $627 $527 $427 $327 $227 $127 $27 $0 CalFresh Benefit $499 $436 $403 $376 $349 $322 $295 $268 $241 $181 School Lunch $37 $37 $37 $37 $37 $37 $37 $37 $37 $37 Utility Subsidy $67 $67 $67 $67 $67 $67 $67 $67 $67 $67 Child Tax Credit $0 $0 $23 $53 $83 $113 $143 $167 $167 $165 Federal Earned Income Tax Credit $0 $81 $161 $241 $321 $401 $464 $464 $447 $404 State Earned Income Tax Credit $0 $69 $137 $191 $123 $55 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total Resources to the Family $1,317 $1,589 $1,824 $2,046 $2,145 $2,245 $2,341 $2,423 $2,463 $2,518 Official poverty measure (OPM) $1,680 $1,680 $1,680 $1,680 $1,680 $1,680 $1,680 $1,680 $1,680 $1,680 Supplemental poverty measure (SPM) $2,132 $2,132 $2,132 $2,132 $2,132 $2,132 $2,132 $2,132 $2,132 $2,132 Incremental Increases of Total Resources N\/A $271 $235 $222 $100 $100 $97 $82 $40 $54 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 117 Figure 8B. Monthly Resources Available to a Family of Three (One Adult and Two Children) $1,317 $1,589 $1,824 $2,046 $2,145 $2,245 $2,341 $2,423 $2,463 $2,518 Supplemental poverty measure (SPM), $2,132 Official poverty measure (OPM), $1,680 $0 $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000 $0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 $1,400 $1,600 $1,800 Earnings before tax Monthly Resources Available to a Family of Three (One Adult and Two Children) State Earned Income Tax Credit Federal Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Utility Subsidy School Lunch CalFresh Benefit CalWORKs Grant Net Earnings After Taxes California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 8 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 118 Figure 8C. CalWORKs Benefit and Resource Model 2016: Cases with No Earnings and with Median Earnings $714 $499 $37 $67 $1,317 OPM, $1,680 SPM, $2,132 $0 $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $0 Monthly Resources Available to Families with No Earnings No Earnings 50.3% With Earnings (Med. monthly earnings $532) 49.7% Share of Cases with and with No Earnings in 2015 - One Aided Adult and Two Aided Children Source: MEDS and EDD base wage data of the second quarter of 2016. Of cases with one aided adult, 25.8% are of this family type as of July 2016. $491 $561 $385 $37 $67 $42 $213 $181 OPM, $1,680 SPM, $2,132 0 0.5 1 $0 $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $532 Monthly Resources Available to Families with Median Earnings $181$213$42$37$385$561$491 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 $532 State Earned Income Tax Credit Federal Earned Income Tax Credit Child Tax Credit Utility Subsidy School Lunch CalFresh Benefit CalWORKs Grant Net Earnings After Taxes\/3 OPM SPM California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 9 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 119 Chapter 9 Research Funds and Program Oversight The general purpose of CalWORKs program oversight is to review, monitor, and supervise the implementation of public policy. The CDSS prioritizes efficient and effective program oversight to strengthen the CalWORKs program through better county operations and service delivery, with the ultimate goal of increasing successful outcomes for CalWORKs families. This chapter explains how the CDSS uses Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) funds to assess the effectiveness of the CalWORKs program. Also described in this chapter are steps taken by CDSS to oversee and supervise counties in their implementation of recent changes to the CalWORKs program\u2014notably, the changes enacted by Senate Bill (SB) 1041 (Chapter 47, Statutes of 2012) and Assembly Bill (AB) 74 (Chapter 21, Statutes of 2013). Taken together, these two pieces of legislation represent the most significant policy transformation of the state's welfare program since the 1990s, including new flexibility built into the program, expanded services for recipients, and a new, in\u2010depth tool for evaluating family needs. Tables and Figures in This Chapter Table 9A. Allocation of TANF Research Funds Research Project Names and Budgets by Year, FY 2009-10 through FY 2018-19 ................................................................................. 120 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 9 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 120 TANF Research Funds This section provides information about the use of federal TANF research funds. Table 9A displays ten years of actual and estimated expenditures by project. Projects using funding in FY 2007-08 or later are described in more detail on the following pages. Table 9A. Allocation of TANF Research Funds Research Project Names and Budgets by Year, FY 2009-10 through FY 2018-19 Research Project FY 2009-10 FY 2010-11 FY 2011-12 FY 2012-13 FY 2013-14 FY 2014-15 FY 2015-163 FY 2016-174 FY 2017-184 FY 2018-194 Total Women's Health Survey $106,000 $106,000 UC Berkeley Library $46,704 $46,704 UC Davis Research Projects 1 $606,056 $1,112,515 $667,991 $464,491 $629,789 $0 $3,480,842 Spanish Language LD Screening $397,898 $473,871 $800,040 $984,139 $813,573 $3,469,521 CalWORKs Annual Summary $49,196 $49,196 UCB Performance Indicators $41,315 $41,315 $41,315 $41,315 $41,315 $43,488 $44,950 $44,950 $44,950 $44,950 $429,863 EDD Data Contract $15,371 $15,371 $15,371 $15,371 $15,371 $29,539 $29,539 $29,539 $42,066 $42,066 $249,604 CalWORKs Technical Academy $320,000 $320,000 SB 1041 Statewide Evaluation 2 $995,593 $1,999,795 $2,997,902 $2,496,416 $498,662 $8,988,368 DHCS Data Contract $6,600 $5,160 $5,160 $7,000 $7,000 $30,920 Child Care Characteristics $666,666 $1,000,000 $333,334 $2,000,000 Total $1,533,344 $1,643,072 $1,524,717 $1,505,316 $2,495,641 $2,128,618 $3,077,551 $3,242,731 $1,592,678 $427,350 $19,171,018 Notes: 1Does not include UC Davis projects listed separately below. 2The RAND annual budget figures are those of the original contract executed June 30, 2015 and do not reflect reallocation of funding among years or project expansions that may occur. 3Estimated budgets are subject to change. 4UCD contract was not renewed, and funding has been removed from FY 15-16 through FY 18-19. Please see the CalWORKs Annual Summary release of January 2016 for previous projections. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 9 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 121 TANF Research Funds: Details of Research Projects Women's Health Survey Time Period: FYs 2007-08 through 2009-10 Total Cost: $312,600 The CDSS provided questions for the Department of Health Care Services (DHCS) Women's Health Survey. After the survey was conducted, the results were provided to CDSS. Current Status: Completed. UC Berkeley Library Time Period: FY 2007-08 through FY 2009-10 Total Cost: $130,204 This contract was an agreement in which the UC Berkeley Library provided literature reviews and article retrieval for CDSS research requests. Current Status: Completed. UC Davis: Research Projects Overview This multi-purpose research contract supports short- and long-term projects to inform CDSS programming. Over the period FY 2009-10 through FY 2013-14, more than 90 percent of expenditures from this funding were directed to the Spanish Language Learning Disabilities (LD) Screening Tool Project, which is described below. Another UCD project, the UC Davis Confidentiality 2009 Report, is also listed. Funding for the multi-purpose contract is also used for discrete ad hoc data analysis projects, literature reviews, and consulting services to support program needs; deliverables include a draft Request for Proposals (RFP) for the Senate Bill (SB) 1041 Evaluation Study and a report to guide the RFP for the Child Care Characteristics Study. Time Period: FY 2009-10 through FY 2014-2015 Total Cost: $3,480,842 Information about three major UC Davis research projects is provided below. Current Status: Completed. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 9 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 122 UC Davis: Spanish Language LD Screening Tool Project Time Period: FY 2009-10 through FY 2013-14 Total Cost: $3,469,521 A collaborative effort between CDSS and the University of California, Davis, Center for Public Policy Research (CPPR), this project involves the development of a short, valid measure ( screen ) for Spanish-speaking adult applicants for Welfare to Work (WTW) to determine those at risk for learning disabilities. Low-income adults whose primary language is Spanish were invited to participate through various community-based organizations and agencies. Participants were administered two standardized achievement measures and the screening tools. Certified professionals (clinical psychologists and educational psychologists) provided diagnoses of whether participants had a learning disability; these diagnoses were used to assess the accuracy of the pilot screening measures. Recommendations regarding the screens were provided based on these findings. Current Status: Completed. UC Davis: CalWORKs Annual Summary Time Period: FY 2014-15 Total Cost: $49,196 In this project, UC Davis provided technical assistance in compiling program information and data for a new CalWORKs summary. The first iteration of the document was posted to the CDSS website and provides information to policymakers, researchers, and the public. Current Status: Completed. UC Berkeley: California Child Welfare Indicators Project (CCWIP) Time Period: FY 2009-10 through FY 2018-2019 Total Allocation: $429,863 The Center for Social Services Research (CSSR) at UC Berkeley receives and processes quarterly Child Welfare Services\/Case Management System data on California youth in foster care and produces statewide and county-specific tables and reports regarding maltreatment allegations, caseload, and performance outcomes. These reports are used by CalWORKs staff to formulate future welfare caseload projections. The project is housed in the School of Social Welfare and provides policymakers, child welfare workers, researchers, and the public with direct access to customizable information on California's entire child welfare system. Additional funding for this project is provided by the Stuart Foundation. CCWIP website: http:\/\/cssr.berkeley.edu\/ucb_childwelfare\/. http:\/\/cssr.berkeley.edu\/ucb_childwelfare\/ California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 9 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 123 Current Status: The CDSS will continue to provide data to CSSR for the foreseeable future. Employment Development Department (EDD) Time Period: FY 2009-10 through FY 2018-19 Total Allocation : $249,604 The EDD provides base wage employment data to CDSS under this contract and data for reports and analysis of the effect of programs and pilots. Current Status: The EDD will continue to provide data to CDSS for the foreseeable future. CalWORKs Technical Academy Time Period: FY 2009-10 Total Cost: $320,000 Funds were used to pay for a regional forum to present new strategies to help TANF participants obtain jobs. Current Status: Completed. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 9 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 124 SB 1041 Statewide Evaluation Time Period: FY 2013-14 through FY 2017-18 Total Allocation: $8,988,368 SB 1041 requires CDSS to contract with an independent, research-based institution for an evaluation of changes to the Welfare to Work requirements and produce a written report to be provided to the Legislature. The Research and Development (RAND) Corporation was selected through a competitive bidding process to conduct the evaluation. The FY 2013-14 budget funds will be shifted to FY 2014-15 to reflect the actual project start date. Six counties are participating: Sacramento, Fresno, Riverside, Los Angeles, Alameda, and Stanislaus. Study Design and Progress The evaluation attempts to isolate the effects of SB 1041 on county welfare staff, operations, and CalWORKs recipients by collecting and examining data on five important components. Due to the complexity for surveying each California county, some portions of the study will concentrate on six focal counties that are representative of the state as a whole in terms of demographic and socio-graphic makeup, CalWORKs caseload, urban\/rural mix, and other important factors. The focal counties are Sacramento, Alameda, Stanislaus, Fresno, Riverside and Los Angeles. \uf0b7 A Process Study \/ County Welfare Operations Impact Study: how the SB 1041 changes were implemented; county staff levels and distribution, resources, supportive services payments, and provision and timing of WTW activities to clients. o State-Level Interviews Second round completed o All-County Welfare Directors Survey completed o Focal County Key Staff Interviews Second wave completed Focal County CalWORKs recipient focus groups Second wave completed \uf0b7 Recipient Status Study \/Recipient Tracking Study: a point-in-time snapshot of the activities and services clients receive and an analysis of clients over time, while on and after leaving aid. o Underway - Data collection and analysis from the CDSS, Employment Development Department and other internal administrative sources is ongoing. \uf0b7 Recipient Impact Study: the number of families participating, completion of WTW activities, treatment of barriers, employment status and earnings, and child well-being. o Underway The CalSES, a three year longitudinal survey of a multi-cohort sample of CalWORKs recipients (N=1,500) with an embedded in-home child supplement sample of 1,000 of the sample families. o Underway Longitudinal analysis of Current Population Survey (CPS) data will be incorporated to make comparisons between CalWORKs families and similar families in the rest of the country. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 9 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 125 Current Status: The year two annual report was released in November 2016. The report includes findings from interviews, surveys, recipient and staff focus groups and administrative data analysis. The report is available at the RAND Corporation website at http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR1348.html. Department of Health Care Services (DHCS) Time Period: FY 2014-15 through FY 2017-18 Total Allocation: $30,920 The DHCS provides CDSS with monthly Medi-Cal Eligibility Data System (MEDS) extract files. These files are used by CDSS to generate federal reports, analyze program issues, and track participation by recipients in the CalWORKs and CalFresh programs. Current Status: The DHCS will continue to provide data to CDSS for the foreseeable future. Child Care Characteristics Survey Research Project Time Period: FYs 2016-17 through 2018-19 Total Allocation: $2,000,000 The California Department of Social Services (CDSS) Child Care Programs Bureau awarded to Child Trends, Inc. a contract on a competitive basis to study the characteristics of families, children, and providers of subsidized child care in California. The study will be a fact-finding data collection effort. The data will inform decision makers on child care and development programs to identify service gaps for program development, make strategic funding decisions, and improve program effectiveness for needy families. Current status: A contract with CDSS and Child Trends was executed on November 1, 2016. http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR1348.html California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 9 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 126 Program Oversight The CDSS believes that timely oversight and ongoing monitoring will help ensure that families receive the maximum benefit of the new flexibility built into the program, and that technical assistance is being provided to counties to achieve the ultimate goal of the program: increasing successful outcomes for CalWORKs families. Current efforts include: New reporting \uf0b7 Contracted Evaluation with RAND Corporation o SB 1041 Evaluation of Reforms; o An independent evaluation of the impact of SB 1041, including changes to the client time clock and work requirements conducted by the RAND Corporation, in partnership with the American Institutes for Research; and o Annual progress reports will be provided. o Covers the full range of adult and child impacts of CalWORKs reforms o Year One Report: http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR919.html o Year Two Report: http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR1348.html County Monitoring \uf0b7 SB 1041 Field Monitoring Visits o One\u2010day county visits that include data collection, county worker interviews, case file reviews, and local welfare advocate input; o Some county visits completed by conference call; and o All 58 county visits have been completed. \uf0a7 45 reports online: http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/cdssweb\/PG95.htm \uf0b7 County Peer Review o Sharing of promising and best practices between and among counties; o Peer review teams visit counties to conduct informational interviews and focus groups, review policies and procedures, and review client case files; o Eight peer review visits were completed to date; and o Summary reports: http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/calworks\/PG2108.htm \uf0b7 Eligibility Case File Reviews o One\u2010day county visits that include a review of major eligibility factors: citizenship, residency, income, resource limitations, family composition, the Welfare-to-Work 24-Month Time Clock, and grant levels. A Summary of Findings will be forwarded to the county upon completion of the review; o Seven new counties will be reviewed in 2017, beginning early spring; and o More detailed information: http:\/\/www.dss.cahwnet.gov\/lettersnotices\/PG980.htm http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR919.html http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR1348.html http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/cdssweb\/PG95.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/calworks\/PG2108.htm http:\/\/www.dss.cahwnet.gov\/lettersnotices\/PG980.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 10 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 127 Chapter 10 Homeless Assistance and Housing Support Homelessness is a pervasive, multifaceted problem that can be a barrier to self-sufficiency. It affects the health and economic opportunities of families throughout the nation. Research shows housing instability and homelessness contribute to children experiencing higher rates of mental, emotional and behavioral impairments and interferes with learning and the ability to develop social relationships. Recognizing that housing is a critical component of self- sufficiency, in 2014 the California Legislature created a new Rapid Rehousing program, the CalWORKs Housing Support Program, to address homelessness and housing instability for CalWORKs recipients. The program is designed to assist and stabilize families as they move into permanent housing and work toward self-sufficiency while also improving overall child well- being. Chapter Ten highlights these efforts in brief. Key Terms in This Chapter Permanent Homeless Assistance This provides payments to secure or maintain housing, including a security deposit and last month's rent, or up to two months of rent arrearages. Temporary Homeless Assistance This provides payments for temporary shelter for up to 16 consecutive calendar days. Tables and Figures in This Chapter Table 10A. Application Approvals and Shelter Expenditures: FY 2015-16 ........................... 128 California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 10 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 128 CalWORKs Homeless Assistance Program The CalWORKs Homeless Assistance (HA) Program was established to help CalWORKs families meet the reasonable costs of securing housing. HA includes temporary HA, which helps families pay the costs of temporary shelter, and permanent HA, which helps families secure housing or prevent eviction. Homeless CalWORKs families may receive either temporary or permanent HA, or both. As of January 1, 2017, HA is available once every 12 months, while in prior years, HA was a once-in-a-lifetime benefit. Temporary Homeless Assistance Temporary HA provides a payment of $65 per day for a family of four and an additional $15 for the fifth and each additional family member, not to exceed $125 per day. Temporary HA is provided for up to 16 consecutive calendar days. While receiving temporary HA, the family must provide proof that they are actively searching for permanent housing. Following the 16- day period, even if the AU did not receive all 16 days, the temporary shelter benefit is considered exhausted. Permanent Homeless Assistance Permanent HA helps families secure housing by providing security deposit costs, including last month's rent, or helps families maintain housing by providing up to two months of rent arrearages. A permanent HA payment may not exceed two times the total rent amount and the monthly rent cannot exceed 80 percent of the total monthly household income. Exceptions If the family meets the criteria for an exception, a family may receive a second HA payment within a 12-month period. Exceptions to HA include cases of domestic violence, medically verified physical or mental illness (excluding substance abuse), or a fire or other natural catastrophe beyond the family's control. Cases based on an exception are limited to one payment of temporary, permanent, or both in a 12-month period. Table 10A. Application Approvals and Shelter Expenditures: FY 2015- 16 Type of Homeless Assistance Number of Families Approved FY 15-16 Net Shelter Expenditures Temporary 30,554 $24,209,188 Permanent 4,414 $5,991,913 TOTAL 34,968 $30,201,101 Data Source: CA 237 CW http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG281.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 10 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 129 CalWORKs Housing Support Program (HSP) Program Overview \uf0b7 In 2014, Senate Bill (SB) 855 created the CalWORKs Housing Support Program (HSP) to assist homeless CalWORKs recipients secure permanent housing and reach self-sufficiency; \uf0b7 In FY 2014-15, $20 million was allocated for the program; the allocation increased to $35 million in FY 15-16 and to $47 million in FY 16-17; and \uf0b7 HSP assists homeless CalWORKs families in quickly obtaining permanent housing and provides wrap-around supports to families to foster housing retention. Implementation \uf0b7 In FY 14-15, twenty counties participated in HSP; the program expanded to 44 counties in FY 15-16 and to 49 counties in FY 16-17; \uf0b7 County plans follow nationally recognized housing models, including those established in the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development's Homeless Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program (HPRP); and \uf0b7 Rapid Re-Housing and targeted homelessness prevention programs have been implemented nationwide as cost effective strategies to help families exit or avoid homelessness and retain permanent housing. Assistance and Services Provided to Clients \uf0b7 Counties were given the flexibility to design their own program, based on the needs of the community. County HSP plans differ in eligibility requirements, services offered, and the duration of a family's eligibility; \uf0b7 Housing subsidies may range from a few months to several months, depending on the individual needs of the family; and \uf0b7 In following core components of a Rapid Re-Housing program, HSP offers financial assistance and several wrap-around supportive services, including: Financial Assistance o Rental assistance o Security deposits o Utility payments o Moving costs o Motel and hotel vouchers Housing Stabilization & Relocation o Landlord recruitment o Case management o Housing outreach and placement o Legal services o Credit repair California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Chapter 10 January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 130 Program Outcomes for FY 14-15 and FY 15-16 (combined): \uf0b7 A total of 12,449 families have been approved for HSP and have received or are currently receiving services such as temporary housing, assistance with locating permanent housing along with intensive case management; and \uf0b7 A total of 4,935 families have been permanently housed. CalWORKs Housing Support Program Webpage: http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/calworks\/PG3658.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/calworks\/PG3658.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix A January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 131 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 24MTC (24-Month Time Clock, CalWORKs): Adult CalWORKs participants are required to engage in welfare-to-work activities during their potentially maximum grant period of 48 months. During the first 24 months of aid receipt there are more activity options. These activities include work, education, training, and mental health, substance abuse, and\/or domestic abuse services. The WTW 24-Month Time Clock stops when a participant is in appraisal, job search, assessment, or development of a new WTW plan; is meeting the required number of participation hours in certain activities; is participating in Cal- Learn; is exempt; or is being sanctioned. 48MTC (48-Month Time Clock, CalWORKs): CalWORKs adults are eligible to receive cash aid for a lifetime maximum of 48 countable months. This 48-month time limit applies to aid received under CalWORKs and other state programs funded by the federal TANF Program since January 1, 1998. The time limit may be extended beyond 48 months if the adult fails to find employment or qualifies for a clock-stopping exemption while on aid. The 48-month time limit does not apply to children or non-minor dependents. 60MTC (60-Month Time Clock, TANF): Families with an adult who has received federally funded assistance for a total of 60 months are not eligible for additional cash assistance under the federal TANF program. However, a state can make an exception to the time limit for up to 20 percent of its caseload. States may also extend assistance beyond the 60-month time limit using other specified funds, such as state TANF MOE funds. ACF (the Administration for Children & Families): The ACF is the federal organization that oversees TANF programs. The ACF is a division of the Department of Health & Human Services. The ACF promotes the economic and social well-being of families, children, individuals and communities with partnerships, funding, guidance, training and technical assistance. AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children): Established by the Social Security Act of 1935 as a grant program to enable states to provide cash welfare payments for needy children who had been deprived of parental support or care because their father or mother was absent from the home, incapacitated, deceased, or unemployed. It was replaced by PRWORA in 1996. Ancillary Expenses: CalWORKs participants may be eligible to receive ancillary expenses, which can include the cost of books, tools, clothing, fees, or other necessary costs specifically required for the job or training as assigned in the welfare-to-work plan. ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009): Part of the federal stimulus package in response to the Great Recession, ARRA was a supplemental appropriation for job preservation and creation, energy efficiency and science, assistance to the unemployed, and California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix A January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 132 state and local fiscal stabilization. ARRA provided a work participation rate requirement, relief provisions, and funding for subsidized employment for state TANF programs. AU (Assistance Unit): An AU is a group of related persons living in the same home who have been determined to be eligible for CalWORKs and for whom cash aid has been authorized. An AU is sometimes referred to as a CalWORKs case. An AU or case differs from a household in that a household includes all persons in the same dwelling regardless of their relationship to members of the AU, or their eligibility for CalWORKs aid. Behavioral Health Services: Services provided to CalWORKs clients in need include treatment for mental health, substance abuse, and domestic violence. CalFresh: CalFresh is California's version of the federal Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP). The CalFresh program helps to improve the health and well-being of qualified California households and individuals by providing monthly electronic benefits (similar to a bank debit card) that can be used to buy most foods at markets and grocery stores to supplement their nutritional needs. Cal-Learn: Part of the CalWORKs program that requires CalWORKs custodial teen parents (up to the age of 19) to attend an educational program that will lead to a high school diploma or its equivalent. CalWORKs: California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids, the state welfare-to-work program that provides income support and access to health coverage on a temporary basis. CalWORKs was formerly Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). CCP (Corrective Compliance Plan): A CCP is one of the approaches provided for states to reduce or eliminate a federal fiscal penalty for WPR noncompliance. CDSS: California Department of Social Services, which is responsible for the CalWORKs program. CFAP (California Food Assistance Program): A state-funded CalFresh program for legal permanent non-citizens residing in the U.S., and determined to be ineligible for federal food stamp benefits solely due to their immigration status. Child Care: Access to quality child care is essential to the success of CalWORKs. Individuals enrolled in the welfare-to-work program are eligible to receive child care services. The CalWORKs Child Care Program is administered in three stages: Stage One is administered by the county welfare departments; Stages Two and Three are administered by Alternative Payment Program agencies under contract with the California Department of Education (CDE). Child-Only: Cases in which only the children in an AU are aided due to the exclusion or ineligibility for cash aid of the AU parent(s). CTC (Child Tax Credit): A federal tax credit designed to help families offset the cost of raising children. Under current law, the credit is worth up to $1,000 per child under age 17 at the end of California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix A January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 133 a tax year, and it is subtracted from the amount of income tax owed by a family. If the credit exceeds the amount of taxes the family owes, a percentage of the remaining credit is given back to the family in a refund check. (A family must have at least $3,000 in earned income to claim any portion of the credit.) Earnings: Earnings include wages, salary, commissions, and self-employment earnings. It is earned income whether the payment is cash, paycheck, personal check, or \"in-kind\" (such as housing that is included with employment). EID (Earned Income Disregard): The amount of earnings that is subtracted from income for determining a CalWORKs cash grant. The maximum has varied with changes in the law. In October 2013 it was set to the first $225 in earned income and50 percent of remaining earned income for all CalWORKs cases. EITC (Earned Income Tax Credit): A tax break (in the form of a refund) for people who work full-time or part-time. The EITC refund is not counted as income when computing a person's or family's CalWORKs cash grant, CalFresh allocation, or Medi-Cal benefits. Enrollee: Enrollee refers to an individual who has, after becoming eligible for CalWORKs, received a notice that he or she is required to participate in welfare to work. ES (Employment Services): Assistance with obtaining employment. ESE (Expanded Subsidized Employment): A program that creates job opportunities for CalWORKs participants; provides connections to the labor force; builds and improves skills; and involves counties forming partnerships with private employers and non-profits\/public agencies and either partially or fully funding wages. (ESE plans are explained on the CDSS website at: http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/calworks\/PG3412.htm.) Exemption: An exemption excuses a CalWORKs participant from Welfare to Work requirements. Many exemptions do not use up the 48-month allowable period on aid. A participant may be exempt because of a disability that will last 30 days or more and significantly impairs Welfare to Work performance; pregnancy; care of an infant or young child; lack of CalWORKs funds for support services needed to allow work participation; serving as a full-time Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) volunteer; domestic violence; providing foster care; being under 16 or over 60 years old, or 18 or under and attending school; living on tribal land; and having poor access to services and training opportunities. FS (Family Stabilization): The FS program provides intensive case management and services that may be in addition to those provided by the county's Welfare to Work program to clients who are experiencing an identified situation or crisis. The program assists clients transition to Welfare to Work 24 Month Time Clock activities that are best aligned with their continued success in the CalWORKs program, including education\/training, work study, subsidized employment, or less intensive barrier removal activities. FY: Fiscal year; in California, July 1 through the following June 30. http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/calworks\/PG3412.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix A January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 134 FFY (Federal Fiscal Year): The period, starting on October 1 of one year and ending on September 30 of the next year, on which the federal government bases fiscal and data reporting requirements. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, FFY 2013 begins on October 1, 2012, and ends on September 30, 2013. GF (General Fund): The GF is California's main governmental operating account. GF revenues come primarily from the state income tax, but state sales and corporate taxes also contribute to the GF. Good Cause: An individual in good cause status is excused from welfare-to-work participation when it has been determined that there is a condition or circumstance that temporarily prevents, or significantly impairs, the individual's ability to be regularly employed or to participate in welfare to work activities. Great Recession: Common name for the economic downturn beginning in 2007-2008 and continuing into 2009-2010; referred to by the International Monetary Fund as the worst recession since World War II. California's unemployment rate reached 12.4 percent in 2010 (22.1 percent counting people who were working part-time and wished to be more fully employed). Household: A household includes all persons in the same dwelling regardless of their relationship to members of the AU or their eligibility for CalWORKs aid. HSP (Housing Support Program): Assists homeless CalWORKs families or those threatened with eviction to obtain and retain housing. Kin-GAP (Kinship Guardianship Assistance Payment Program): Establishes financial assistance for relative caregivers of a child under age 19 who are granted legal guardianship by the dependency court, allowing termination of dependency court jurisdiction. MAP (Maximum Aid Payment): The MAP is the maximum grant level provided for CalWORKs families. MAP levels are established by the California State Legislature and are based on family size, the status of the family (exempt or non-exempt), and the geographical location of the family residence (Region 1 or Region 2). MCA (Maximum Cal-Fresh Allotment): The MCA is the maximum benefit level of food aid a family may receive from CalFresh. MCA varies according to family size and income. Maximum Earned Income Limit: If a family's earnings are above the Maximum Earned Income limit, the family will not receive any CalWORKs grant. The limit is based on Region (1 or 2) and AU size. Medi-Cal: A free or low-cost form of health coverage for children and adults with limited income and resources. (This is California's version of the federal Medicaid program.) California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix A January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 135 MEDS (Medi-Cal Eligibility Data System): The MEDS is a statewide database containing client eligibility information for processing Medi-Cal, CalFresh, and CalWORKs administrative records. MBSAC (Minimum Basic Standards of Adequate Care): The MBSAC is the income threshold to determine applicant family's eligibility for CalWORKs. If a family's income falls below the MBSAC (after an initial $90 earned income disregard) for the region in which they reside, they may be eligible for CalWORKs assistance. MOE (Maintenance of Effort): The MOE is a requirement that states expend a specified minimum amount of matching funds on benefits for lower income families in order to participate in the federal TANF program. California allocates $2.9 billion annually in MOE. Non-Compliant (Individuals): This refers to an individual who has been sent a notice of non- compliance with welfare-to-work participation requirements but has not yet returned to participation, or been sanctioned. Non-Compliant (States): States that fail to meet the federal work participation rates are subject to a penalty of up to 5 percent of the state's block grant. The penalty increases by 2 percentage points each consecutive year of noncompliance, up to a maximum of 21 percent of the block grant. Depending on the degree of noncompliance\u2014for example, how close the state came to meeting the participation requirement\u2014the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services may reduce or waive the penalty. As an additional incentive to meet the federal requirements, states that are in compliance are subject to a lower maintenance-of-effort (MOE) spending requirement (75 percent instead of 80 percent of their FFY 1994 welfare-related spending). In California, this means that if the state meets the participation rates, it has the option of reducing spending by $182 million each year. Non-MOE General Fund: CalWORKs cases that receive assistance from federal TANF, state MOE funds, or some combination, are subject to work participation requirements. Non-MOE General Funds originate in the state GF but are allocated for assistance that is not subject to the federal TANF work participation requirements. OCAT (Online CalWORKs Appraisal Tool): The Online CalWORKs Appraisal Tool is a statewide standardized appraisal tool which provides in-depth appraisal of recipient strengths and barriers to employment and self-sufficiency, leading to more effective placement in work activities and referrals to supportive services. OCAT is based on the federal Online WORK Readiness Assessment Tool (OWRA). OPM (Official Poverty Measure): The OPM was developed in the 1960s based on a family's food budget and currently it is widely used as a benchmark to determine eligibility for various government welfare programs. If the total income for a family falls below the relevant poverty threshold (which varies by family size and composition but not by geographic region), then the family as well as all family members are considered in poverty. The income in OPM includes cash income (before tax) and excludes noncash in-kind transfers such as food stamps and housing subsidies. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix A January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 136 Permanent Homeless Assistance: This provides payments to secure or maintain housing, including a security deposit and last month's rent, or up to two months of rent arrearages. PRWORA (federal Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996): In this act, Congress sought to reduce dependence on aid, limit out-of-wedlock childbirth, encourage the formation of stable two-parent families, and ensure that children could be cared for in their own homes or the homes of relatives. PRWORA replaced AFDC with Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF), changed the funding structure of the program, limited to 60months the amount of time that families could receive federal aid, and provided incentives for states to encourage support recipients to work. QR\/PB (Quarterly Reporting \/Prospective Budgeting): A budgeting system put in place in 2003 for the CalWORKs and CalFresh programs. Recipients' eligibility and benefits are determined for a 3-month period using prospective budgeting and income averaging rules based on information reported by recipients once in the quarter; recipients have the option to report changes that would result in increased grant\/benefits when they occur. RADEP (Research and Development Enterprise Project): RADEP is a web-based data collection tool used by county and state staff to collect federal TANF disaggregated data. The data is used by the federal Department of Health and Human Services to calculate the State's federal work participation rates. Region 1 and Region 2: The state of California is divided into two sets of counties, with Region 1 containing counties that generally have a higher cost of living than the counties in Region 2. Safety Net: Cases in which only the children in an AU are aided due to the parent(s) being discontinued for cash aid because they reached their 48-month lifetime assistance limit. Sanction: The process by which adult(s) are removed from CalWORKs support because at least one failed to comply with WTW program requirements without good cause, and county staff compliance efforts failed. Eligible children in an AU continue to receive funding. SAR (Semi-Annual Reporting): SAR requires households receiving CalWORKs assistance to report income on a semi-annual basis. SIP (Self-Initiated Program): Applies to a CalWORKs recipient who was enrolled in school and performing satisfactorily before app lying for cash aid. SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program): A federal program that is referred to as CalFresh in California. SPM (Supplemental Poverty Measure): The SPM extends the official poverty measure by taking account of some government benefits (such as food stamps) and necessary expenses such as taxes, medical out-of-pocket, child care, and shelter expenses that are not in the official California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix A January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 137 poverty measure. The threshold is adjusted by family size, composition, geographic region, and housing status (renting, owner with mortgage, and owner without mortgage). SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance): Tied to the Social Security retirement program, SSDI is for workers who become disabled before retirement age and who have worked and paid Social Security taxes for many years. SSI (Supplemental Security Income): A U.S. government program that provides stipends to low-income people who are either aged (65 or older), blind, or disabled. TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families): This is a federal program that replaced AFDC and now funds CalWORKs. TANF is designed to help needy families achieve self- sufficiency. Temporary Homeless Assistance: This provides payments for temporary shelter for up to 16 consecutive calendar days. Time on Aid: The total number of months a case has received assistance during the look- back period, calculated by the person on aid longest in the case since the beginning of the look-back period (e.g., in the last six or eight years). Title XX: Title XX of the Social Security Act, also referred to as the Social Services Block Grant (SSBG), is a funding program provided to states, without a state matching requirement, to assist in supporting a wide range of services, including preventing child abuse, increasing the availability of child care, and providing community-based care for the elderly and disabled. Funds are allocated to the states on the basis of population. Transportation Services: Transportation services for welfare-to-work participants are often provided through payment by the county for public transportation or mileage reimbursement. Some counties provide alternative transportation services such as transportation vouchers, vehicle repair programs, commuter programs, and the purchase of motor vehicles or bicycles. Tribal TANF: Assists the Indian Tribes of California by providing the funding, tools, and resources necessary for each Tribe or Consortium to administer its own Tribal TANF Program. Unduplicated Count: A count of WTW participants that eliminates duplication in cases in which a person is involved in more than one approved activity. WDTIP: The Welfare Data Tracking Implementation Project, a statewide welfare time-on-aid tracking and reporting system that is accessible to county welfare eligibility workers through MEDS. WDTIP eliminates the need for counties to manually contact other counties outside their respective consortia system and\/or other states to obtain information relative to the TANF 60- month and CalWORKs 48-month time limits for time- on-aid by providing eligibility workers an automated tool with which they can obtain up-to-date information for CalWORKs applicants and recipients. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix A January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 138 WEI (Work-Eligible Individual): The federal designation for individuals required to participate in federal TANF work activities for a specified minimum number of hours. A work-eligible individual is an adult or minor head-of-household receiving TANF assistance, or a non-recipient parent living with a child receiving such assistance. WINS (Work Incentive Nutritional Supplement): A $10 per month supplemental food benefit program for working families who are receiving CalFresh benefits but not receiving CalWORKs or TANF benefits. WIOA (STET Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014): Intended to help job seekers access employment, education, training, and support services to succeed in the labor market and to match employers with the skilled workers they need to compete in the global economy. WIOA supersedes the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 and amends the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act, the Wagner-Peyser Act, and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The Act took effect July 1, 2015, the first full program year after enactment. WPR (Work Participation Rate): The rate at which adult CalWORKs recipients are meeting welfare-to-work participation requirements. When this rate is not 50 percent or higher for single- parent families and 90 percent for two-parent families, the State may be penalized by the federal government. WTW (Welfare to Work): WTW activities are a condition for adults to receive CalWORKs aid. The activities include unsubsidized and subsidized employment, work experience, on-the-job training, a grant based on-the-job training, work study, self-employment, community service, adult basic education, job skills training, vocational education, job search\/job readiness assistance, mental health counseling, substance abuse treatment, domestic abuse services, and other activities necessary to assist recipients in obtaining employment. WTW Participants: AU type that includes Single-Parent and Two-Parent households with an aided adult who is NOT exempt from work activities and NOT sanctioned. California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix B January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 139 Appendix B: List of Data Sources Used Administration for Children and Families (ACF) - Office of Family Assistance http:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/programs\/ofa\/programs\/tanf\/data-reports The ACF is a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and provides a variety of data reports including TANF caseload data, expenditure data, and work participation rate data. CA 237 CW CalWORKs Cash Grant Caseload Movement Report http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG281.htm The monthly CA 237 CW report contains statistical information on CalWORKs caseload movement for Two-Parent Families, Zero Parent Families, All Other Families, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Timed-Out Cases, and Safety Net\/Drug or Fleeing Felon Cases (SN\/DFF). This report includes data on the number of applications requested or restored, cases added, cases exiting, and cases transferred from other counties during the month. California Department of Education 801A Archived Data http:\/\/www.cde.ca.gov\/sp\/cd\/ci\/cdd801ainfo.asp The CDD-801A report is a list of all families and children that received Early Education and Support Division (EESD)-subsidized services for a specified month. It is submitted monthly by every agency that contracts with EESD to provide subsidized child care and development services. The CDD-801A reports are also used to draw a sample of approximately 250 cases per month on which more detailed information is gathered through a separate report, the CDD- 801B. CalWORKs Quarterly Report http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG298.htm The Quarterly CalWORKs Report is an information tool to monitor the progress of the CalWORKs Program and provide periodic snapshots of the data for some key program components. The first quarterly report was completed for FY 2014-15 and covers July through September 2014. CW 115\/115A Child Care Monthly Report CalWORKs Families http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG288.htm - CW 115 http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG289.htm - CW 115A This report contains the number of CalWORKs families and children approved\/authorized\/certified to receive Stage One Child Care during the report month. This report also includes data on the number of children transferred to Stage Two as well as children http:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/programs\/ofa\/programs\/tanf\/data-reports http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG281.htm http:\/\/www.cde.ca.gov\/sp\/cd\/ci\/cdd801ainfo.asp http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG298.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG288.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG289.htm California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix B January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 140 waiting to be transferred. Data for Two-Parent Families is reported on the CW 115A, while data for All Other Families is reported on the CW 115. Medi-Cal Eligibility Data System (MEDS) This data system is a statewide database containing client eligibility information for processing Medi-Cal, CalFresh, and CalWORKs administrative records. Research and Development Enterprise Project (RADEP) RADEP is a web-based data collection tool used by county and state staff to report federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) disaggregated data which is used by the federal Department of Health and Human Services to calculate the State's federal work participation rates. The RADEP data is collected as a random stratified sample of approximately 3,000 CalWORKs active cases over each federal fiscal year and provides characteristics data relating to the TANF caseload in that specific year. Statewide Automated Welfare System (SAWS) Consortia The SAWS project is the automation of county welfare business processes for CalWORKs, CalFresh, Medi-Cal, Foster Care, Refugee, and County Medical Services. The Office of Systems Integration is responsible for state-level project management and oversight. Each individual consortium is responsible for its own local project management. The SAWS project is comprised of three consortia: Los Angeles Eligibility, Automated Determination, Evaluation and Reporting (LEADER) Consortium, Welfare Client Data System (WCDS) Consortium (also known as CalWIN), and Consortium IV (C-IV). The CalWIN Consortium includes the following counties: Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Orange, Placer, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma, Tulare, Ventura and Yolo. The C-IV Consortium includes the following counties: Alpine, Colusa, Humboldt, Kings, Merced, Napa, San Benito, Sierra, Amador, Del Norte, Imperial, Lake, Modoc, Nevada, San Bernardino, Siskiyou, Butte, El Dorado, Inyo, Lassen, Mono, Pumas, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Calaveras, Glenn, Kern, Madera Monterey, Riverside, Shasta, Sutter, Marin, Mariposa, Mendocino, Tehama, Trinity, Tuolumne and Yuba. U.S. Census Bureau http:\/\/www.census.gov\/easystats\/# The U.S. Census Bureau provides access to selected statistics collected through the American Community Survey, the Current Population Survey, the Decennial Census, and other data- collection tools. http:\/\/www.census.gov\/easystats\/ California Department of Social Services CalWORKs Annual Summary Appendix B January 2017 California Families on the Road to Self-Sufficiency 141 Welfare Data Tracking Implementation Project (WDTIP) http:\/\/www.wdtip.ca.gov\/ WDTIP is a statewide welfare time-on-aid tracking system that interfaces with existing county consortia State Automated Welfare Systems (SAWS). WDTIP eliminates the need for counties to manually contact other counties outside their respective consortia system and\/or other states to obtain information relative to the TANF 60-month, CalWORKs 48-month, and Welfare-to- Work 24-month time limitations for time-on-aid by providing eligibility workers an automated tool from which they can obtain up-to-date information for CalWORKs' applicants and recipients. WTW 25\/25A - CalWORKs Welfare-To-Work Monthly Activity Report http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG291.htm - WTW 25 http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG292.htm - WTW 25A This report summarizes data on work-eligible adults in the CalWORKs program Welfare-to- Work Enrollees, those exempt from work, and those sanctioned for not participating. This report also counts the number of adults engaged in the various eligible work or education activities that could be included in a welfare-to-work plan, as well as adults who receive post-aid supportive services after they time out or income off cash assistance. Data for Two-Parent Families is reported on the WTW 25A, while data for All Other Families is reported on the WTW 25. Updated Information from the WTW 25\/25A is currently unavailable. This may result in some tables that use the WTW 25\/25A not being updated for this edition of the Annual Summary . http:\/\/www.wdtip.ca.gov\/ http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG291.htm http:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/research\/PG292.htm "
